Evolution

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

A system of organizing organisms based on observed relationships

Question 2

Hierarchy of Taxa

Answer 2

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

Question 3

Cladograms

Answer 3

Visual representation of the relationship between organisms

Question 4

3 Domains

Answer 4

Archea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotes

Question 5

Conditions of Archea

Answer 5

Live in harsh conditions, prokaryotic (lack a membrane bound nucleus), have cell walls (lack peptidoglycan), phospholipids contain either bonds, reproduced through binary fission, anaerobic cellular respiration, do not respond antibiotics

Question 6

Conditions of Bacteria

Answer 6

Prokaryotic, contain a cell wall, phospholipid bilateral uses esther bonds, may do aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration, may have chloroplasts, may be autotrophs or heterotrophs, respond to antibiotics

Question 7

Conditions of Eukaryotes

Answer 7

Contain membrane bound nucleus, my be unicellular or multicellular, may have a cell wall, may contain chloroplasts, use esther bonds for phospholipids

Question 8

Kingdoms of Eukaryotes

Answer 8

Protists, fungi, plantae, animalia

Question 9

Conditions of protists

Answer 9

Unicellular, line in moist environments, can be parasites, can have chloroplasts

Question 10

Conditions of Fungi

Answer 10

Unicellular or multicellular, have cell walls, obtain nutrients through absorption

Question 12

Conditions of Plantae

Answer 12

Multicellular, have cell walls, do photosynthesis, obtain nutrients through absorption and photosynthesis, have tissues

Question 13

Conditions of Animalia

Answer 13

Multicellular, lack cell wall, obtain nutrients through ingestion, no photosynthesis, have systems

Question 14

What did Lamarck think?

Answer 14

Acquired traits within an organisms lifetime can be passed onto their offspring

Question 15

What did Darwin think?

Answer 15

Natural selection. Organisms are selected for or against, based on their traits

Question 16

Natural selection

Answer 16

The environment is selected for or against variation that exists in a population.

Question 17

What is relative dating?

Answer 17

Remnants of organisms are found in different strata, lower strata have an older geologic age

Question 18

What is radiometric dating?

Answer 18

Looks at the rate of decay for isotopes

Question 19

What is the evidence from biogeography?

Answer 19

Looks at the distribution of organisms

Question 20

What is homologous structure?

Answer 20

Share the same origin but with different functions

Question 21

What is analogous structure?

Answer 21

Don’t have the origin, but have similar functions

Question 22

Example of homologous structure

Answer 22

Limbs of humans vs. Limbs of cats

Question 23

Example of analogous structure

Answer 23

Wings of a bird vs. Fins of a dolphin

Question 24

What is embryology?

Answer 24

As embryos closely related organism share the same functions.

Question 25

What are vestigial features?

Answer 25

A structure that no longer serves a purpose

Question 26

Vestigial feature examples

Answer 26

Tailbone, wisdom teeth, appendix, etc

Question 27

What is some evidence from biochemistry?

Answer 27

Looks at the similarities between DNA, amino acids, and proteins between different organisms

Question 28

What is speciation?

Answer 28

The formation of different species from a common ancestor

Question 29

What is allopatric speciation?

Answer 29

Speciation that occurs when populations become isolated geographically

Question 30

What is the first step in allopatric speciation?

Answer 30

A population because separated geographically

Question 31

What is the second step in allopatric speciation?

Answer 31

The 2 population may experience different environmental pressures. Any mutations that occurs will only remain in the subpopulation.

Question 32

What is the third step in allopatric speciation?

Answer 32

Over time each population has accumulated differences that are different from the other population.

Question 33

What is sympatric speciation?

Answer 33

A subset of individuals are reproductively isolated

Question 34

What is the theory of gradualism?

Answer 34

Change takes place over a long period of time, small changes occur and accumulate

Question 35

What is the theory of punctuated equilibrium?

Answer 35

Periods of rapid change, followed by periods of stability

Question 36

What is divergent evolution?

Answer 36

Organisms diverged from a common ancestor, forming a new species

Question 37

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 37

2 different organisms develop similar structures due to the environmental pressures.