Excretion

Question 1

Main role in excretion

Answer 1

Getting rid of metabolic waste, maintaining blood pH, water regulation, and maintaining homeostasis

Question 2

How are water products produced?

Answer 2

Cell Metabolism

Question 3

How is nitrogenous waste produced?

Answer 3

Breakdown of amino acids (ammonia)

Question 4

pH regulation

Answer 4

kidneys can excrete H+ or reabsorb H+ to maintain blood pH

Question 5

Order of blood through the kidneys

Answer 5

Aorta, renal arteries, kidneys, renal veins, inferior vena cava

Question 6

Renal cortex

Answer 6

(outside)- site of filtration of blood and the site of some reabsorption and secretion

Question 7

Renal medulla

Answer 7

(middle)- site of reaborption (H2O + Salt)

Question 8

Renal pelvis

Answer 8

collect filtrate (urine)

Question 9

Ureter

Answer 9

Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 10

Bladder

Answer 10

Site of urine storage. Epithelium thins as it fills with urine, causing sensory receptors to respond. Has a urinary sphincter that controls urination.

Question 11

Urethra

Answer 11

Carries urine from the bladder to the external environment

Question 12

Pathway of urine

Answer 12

Kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra

Question 13

Nephron blood flow

Answer 13

Renal artery, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arterioles, vasa recta, venule, and veins.

Question 14

Afferent arterioles

Answer 14

Carries blood to the glomerulus

Question 15

Glomerulus

Answer 15

Modified capillary, site of blood filtration, and area of high pressure

Question 16

Efferent arterioles

Answer 16

Carries filtered blood to the capillaries

Question 17

Vasa recta + Peritubular capillaries

Answer 17

Reabsorbs material forced out through filtration, secretions, passive and active transport

Question 18

Venule

Answer 18

Carry blood to veins

Question 19

Veins

Answer 19

Carry blood to vena cava

Question 20

Stages of urine formation

Answer 20

filtration, reabsorption, and secretions

Question 21

Filtration

Answer 21

Occurs at the glomerulus, blood pressure is high, RBC, WBC + large proteins remain in blood ions, nutrients, water makes up filtrate. Bowman’s capsule surrounds glomerulus and captures filtrate

Question 22

Reabsorption

Answer 22

Material from filtrate is reabsorbed back into the blood. Through passive and active transport

Question 23

Secretion

Answer 23

Material is moved from the blood to the filtrate

Question 24

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Answer 24

Reabsorbs- HCO3, H2O, glucose (active transport), and amino acids. Secretions- diuretics, uric acid, antibiotics

Question 25

Descending loop of Henle

Answer 25

Reabsorbs- H2O and NaCl

Question 26

Ascending loop of Henle

Answer 26

Reabsorbs- NaCl, no water reabsorption

Question 27

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Answer 27

Reabsorbs (variable)- H2O, NaCl, and calcium. Secretions- H+ and urea

Question 28

Collecting duct

Answer 28

water reabsorption only- variable

Question 29

Nephron flow

Answer 29

Glomerulus, bowman's capsule, PCT, descending loop of henle, ascending loop of henle, DCT, collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra

Question 30

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 30

produced in the hypothalamus (brain), stored in posterior pituitary gland, osmolarity (looks at amount of solute/ solvent)

Question 31

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 31

Frequent urination with high levels of glucose (benedicts)

Question 32

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 32

Frequent dilute urine, deficiency in ADH

Question 33

Nephritis

Answer 33

Inflammation of nephron, due to virus, bacteria, trauma, and frequent urination due to WBC, RBC + protein in urine.