Evolution

Question 1

A scientific explanation that IS supported by evidence.

Answer 1

Theory

Question 2

A tentative and testable statement that is CAPABLE of being supported or not supported.

Answer 2

Hypothesis.

Question 3

What experiment supported the Primordial Soup Hypothesis?

Answer 3

The Miller-Urey Experiment.

Question 4

What is produced by the Miller-Urey Experiment?

Answer 4

Simple organic molecules such as Amino Acids.

Question 5

What is the RNA World Hypothesis?

Answer 5

RNA, not DNA, was the world hypothesis.

Question 6

A relationship in which one organism lives inside another organism and both benefit. (mutualism).

Answer 6

Endosymbiosis

Question 7

The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment to survive and reproduce more successfully.

Answer 7

Natural Selection.

Question 8

Can individuals adapt? Explain.

Answer 8

No, it takes many generations for an adaptation to take place, and when it does it happens to the whole population.

Question 9

The theory that all living things descended from a common ancestor.

Answer 9

Common Descent.

Question 10

A record of organisms on earth that have been preserved in rock.

Answer 10

Fossil Record.

Question 11

The study of distribution of species in a geographical area over time.

Answer 11

Biogeography.

Question 12

All living things have the same type of molecules that are necessary for life; DNA, RNA, and proteins (Amino Acids)

Answer 12

Molecular Homology

Question 13

Some living things have anatomical similarities such as similar bone or muscle structure.

Answer 13

Anatomical Homology.

Question 14

What is a vestigial structure?

Answer 14

A structure an organism has but doesn’t need or use.

Question 15

Common structure, different function

Answer 15

Homologous

Question 16

Common Function, different Structure

Answer 16

Analogous

Question 17

Genetic Variation

Answer 17

Differences within a species

Question 18

When species produce more offspring than can actually survive.

Answer 18

Overproduction of offspring.

Question 19

The offspring that do survive must compete for limited resources.

Answer 19

Struggle for survival/adaptation.

Question 20

Even when organisms survive in terms of competition only some will reproduce and pass off their genes.

Answer 20

Differential survival and reproduction/Descent with modification.

Question 21

What are the four principles of natural selection?

Answer 21

a. ) Genetic Variation
b. ) Overproduction of offspring
c. )Struggle for survival/adaptation
d. )Differential survival and reproduction/descent with modification

Question 22

Blending into ones environment

Answer 22

Camouflage

Question 23

Copying another species

Answer 23

Mimicry

Question 24

a type of selection where the entire curve moves in one direction because phenotypes at one extreme are favored.

Answer 24

Directional selection

Question 25

A type of selection where genetic variation is decreased because the individuals in the middle of the curve are most fit.

Answer 25

Stabilizing selection

Question 26

A type of selection where the individuals at the ends of the curve are more fit than the individual in the middle.

Answer 26

Disruptive.

Question 27

what do gene pools include?

Answer 27

all of the alleles in a population

Question 28

In genetic terms when does evolution occur?

Answer 28

occurs when there is a change in the allele frequency.

Question 29

A change in allele frequency in a population due to the transfer of alleles from one population due to the transfer of alleles from one population to another.

Answer 29

Gene Flow

Question 30

A change in allele frequency in a population due to random sampling.

Answer 30

Genetic Drift.

Question 31

A state in which the allele frequency remains constant. *evolution does not occur*

Answer 31

Genetic equilibrium

Question 32

The process of forming a new species

Answer 32

Speciation.

Question 33

Species are isolated from each other because they have different behaviors, such as different mating rituals.

Answer 33

Behavioral isolation

Question 34

Species are isolated from each other because they mate at different times of the day or year.

Answer 34

Temporal isolation

Question 35

Species are isolated from each other geographically.

Answer 35

Geographic isolation

Question 36

Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrealted species

Answer 36

Convergent evolution

Question 37

similar related species, homologous structures, different environments.

Answer 37

Divergent evolution

Question 38

Coevolution

Answer 38

2 or more species evolve in responce to changes in each other.

Question 39

Evolutionary changes over a long period of time.

Answer 39

Gradualism | *looks like a tree*

Question 40

Evolutionary changes over suddenly in geographic time and are followed by long periods of little evolutionary change or STASIS.

Answer 40

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 41

The evolutionary history of a species

Answer 41

Phylogeny

Question 42

How is a cladogram made?

Answer 42

Made by figuring out which derived characteristics are shared by which species.