Benchmark

Question 1

Meiosis is a process that makes what kind of cells?

Answer 1

Sex cells AKA Gametes.

Question 2

Where do Sex cells come from?

Answer 2

Germ Cells.

Question 3

Sex Cells are also called..?

Answer 3

Gametes

Question 4

How many chromosomes do gametes have in the average human?

Answer 4

23 Chromosomes.

Question 5

Body cells are also called…?

Answer 5

Somatic Cells.

Question 6

In humans somatic cells have __ Chromosomes.

Answer 6

46 chromosomes.

Question 7

How does meiosis increase genetic Variation?

Answer 7

Crossing over and independent Assortment.

Question 8

Occurs during Prophase 1 and provides almost infinite combinations of genes on chromosomes.

Answer 8

Crossing Over.

Question 9

Occurs in Metaphase 1 and provides over 8 billion comibinations of chromosomes.

Answer 9

Independent Assortment.

Question 10

Meiosis produces gametes. These gametes… Are Which of the following
A.) Haploid
B.) Diploid

Answer 10

A.) Haploid.

Question 11

Meiosis produces gametes. These gametes…Are which of the following.
A.) Have 23 chromosomes
B.) Have 46 chromosomes

Answer 11

A.) Have 23 Chromosomes.

Question 12

Meiosis produces gametes. These gametes…Are which of the following.
A.) Are genetically identical
B.) Different.

Answer 12

B.) Different.

Question 13

What is is the name of the new cell that is made from fertilization?

Answer 13

A zygote is made.

1 sperm (n)+1 egg (n) = Zygote (2n

Question 14

Why do you look like your parents?

Answer 14

Because of the traits you inherit.

Question 15

What is an allele?

Answer 15

A form of a gene that determines traits, represented by upper/lower case letters.

Question 16

Homologous chromosomes have the same____, but possible different _____.

Answer 16

Genes

Alleles.

Question 17

What is the difference between a homozygous and heterozygous genotype?

Answer 17

Homozygous means the genotypes are the same Ex: RR, rr

Heterozygous means the genotypes are different Ex: Rr

Question 18

is Purebred another word for…
A.) Homozygous
B.) Heterozygous

Answer 18

A.)Homozygous

Question 19

Hybrid is another word for…
A.) Homozygous
B.) Heterozygous

Answer 19

B.) Heterozygous

Question 20

The alleles that are inherited

Answer 20

Genotype.

Question 21

Physical trait, what the organism looks like.

Answer 21

Phenotype.

Question 22

Allele that is always expressed when it is present, represented by an upper case letter.

Answer 22

Dominant.

Question 23

Allele that is only expressed when 2 recessive alleles are present.

Answer 23

Recessive.

Question 24

Organisms only donate 1 cope of each gene in their gametes.

Answer 24

Law of segregation.

Question 25

In a cross of parents that are homozygous for different traits only the dominant phenotype will appear in the next generation.

Answer 25

Law of Dominance.

Question 26

During meiosis, chromosome pairs line up independently of each other, so different alleles are distributed to sex cells independently of one another.

Answer 26

Law of Independent assortment.

Question 27

Probabilities do not predict the _____ results, but they can predict the ______ number of occurrences.

Answer 27

Exact, Average.

Question 28

A family has 5 male children. What are the chances of the mother having a girl for her next child? Why?

Answer 28

50% no matter how many children she may have the probability will stay the same.

Question 29

If a gene comes in more than 2 forms it is an example of what?

Answer 29

Polygenic traits.

Question 30

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes in a karyotype are called ______, the 23rd pair are called ____ chromosomes.

Answer 30

Autosomes, sex.

Question 31

dna is different in every person except for who?

Answer 31

Identical twins.

Question 32

Involve the loss of part of a chromosome.

Answer 32

Deletion.

Question 33

Reverse the direction of parts of chromosomes.

Answer 33

Inversion.

Question 34

Produce extra copies of a chromosome.

Answer 34

Duplication.

Question 35

Occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

Answer 35

Translocation.

Question 36

There are ____ chromosomes in each normal human gamete.

Answer 36

46

Question 37

what type of cells does nondisjunction affect?

Answer 37

Sex cells/gametes.

Question 38

Most sex linked traits are carried on the ___ chromosome.

Answer 38

X

Question 39

What sex chromosome is found in an egg cell in a female?

Answer 39

X

Question 40

What is recombinant DNA?

Answer 40

DNA that contains genes from more than one organism.

Question 41

Genetic engineering can alter the ___ of an organism.

Answer 41

DNA