Evolution Flashcards
(17 cards)
Law of Superpostition
New rock forms on old rocks
Homologous Structures
Similar body structures with very different functions
Analogous Structures
Organs which have lost most of all of their original function
Speciation
Evolution of new species from existing species
5 factors that lead to evolution
1) natural selection
2) gene flow
3) mutations
4) sexual selection
5) genetic drift
Gene flow
Movement of alleles from one species to another
Therefore all organisms of two species look very similar
Without gene flow…
If organisms are isolated then each population grows and adapts to environment and therefore the species will look very different
Genetic Drift
Changes in allele frequencies due to chance, not natural selection
Convergent Evolution
Evolution Toward similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environment
Divergent Evolution
Describes evolution toward different species in closely related species
Co evolution
Two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other
Gradualism
Slow and Steady changes of 1 species, turning it into a different species
Punctuated Equilibrium
Long periods of little change, then short periods of rapid change
Adaptive radiation
Process of evolution where one species splits into multiple different species
Miller Urey
Chemicals (methane, oxygen, h20 vapor, ammonia, CO) + lightning/electricity = ORGANIC MATERIALS
Endosymbiosis
Relationship in which one organism lives in body of another
4 factors of evolution
1) overpopulation: more born than can survive
2) variation: individuals have differences
3) adaptation: some individuals with better traits have more survival
4) those with better advantages pass genes on to more offspring and live longer
