Evolution

Question 1

Fossil

Answer 1

When a prehistoric organisms remains are impressed into rock over long periods of time

Question 2

Homologous part

Answer 2

Modified structures that came from a common ancestor

Question 3

Vestigial structures

Answer 3

• Structures that don’t hAve a function

- May be homogolous with useful structures in other organisms

Question 4

Selective breeding

Answer 4

Humans pick plant and animal breeding for a special phenotype trait

Question 5

Natural selection

Answer 5

The best individual will survive longer with the better trait

Question 6

Competition

Answer 6

Competition between organisms in which the fitness of another is lowered

Question 7

Variation

Answer 7

Rains in different organisms that make them unique from each other

Question 8

Adaptation

Answer 8

Animals evolve as certain variations increase, decrease in a population

Question 9

Species

Answer 9

Group of organisms that breed and produce offspring in nature

Question 10

Geological isolation

Answer 10

Environmental variations for two areas will be different and naturally selected

Question 11

Speciation

Answer 11

Evolution if a new species

Question 12

Genetic drift

Answer 12

Variation in a relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population

Question 13

Convergent evolution

Answer 13

When different organisms that aren’t related develop the same traits based off of living in the same environment

Question 14

Gradualism

Answer 14

Slow and steady changes

-happens with environment is stable

Question 15

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 15

Long periods of very little change
To
Quick periods of fast change
(Sudden change in environment)

Question 16

Allopatric speciation

Answer 16

Geographical isolation

Question 17

Sympatric speciation

Answer 17

New species form without geographical separation

Question 18

The 7 types of evidence scientists use to study evolution

Answer 18

Fossils, DNA, comparative anatomy, biogeography, direct observation, vestigial structures, comparative embryology

Question 19

Evolution

Answer 19

When different organisms develop and diversify from the early history.

Question 20

4 adaptions of primates

Answer 20

1. High levels of problem solving
2. Flexible shoulders and forelimbs
3. Hands r flexible with 5 independent fingers
4. Opposable thumbs

Question 21

What are structural functions?

Answer 21

Adaptations for anatomy

Question 22

What are functional adaptions?

Answer 22

Adaptions for physiology

Question 23

What are behavioral adaptions

Answer 23

Animals responding to the environment

Question 24

Homo habilis

Answer 24

1.8 mya
Brain was larger than earlier apes
Used stone tools

Question 25

Homo erectus

Answer 25

``` 1 mya No chin Large brain Made and used fire Was in groups Migrated in Africa, Asia, and maybe Europe ```

Question 26

Homo sapians

Answer 26

Made 100,000 years ago. Humans Spread throughout the world based on neanderthals

Question 27

Neanderthals

Answer 27

``` Found in Europe + Southwest Asia Short Powerful Thick skulls No chin ```

Question 28

What are the 5 conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium ?

Answer 28

1. No new mutations 2. No migration 3. Large population 4. Mating random 5. No natural selection

Question 29

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 29

The theory is when larger cells engulfed smaller ones. The smaller ones became organelles.