Evolution And Classification

Question 1

Early Earth atmosphere

Answer 1

H20, NH3, CO2, CH4, N2

Question 2

Oparin 1930 said that

Answer 2

Life began in the ocean
— lightning triggered amino acids in the atmosphere
— Rain washed molecules into the ocean

Question 3

Miller-Urey Expirment

Answer 3

Sent an electric current through a mixture of atmospheric gases
Simulated rain and collected mixture in a flask

Question 4

Archaebacteria

Answer 4

3.4 billion years ago
Prokaryotic
Anaerobic
Photosynthesis
Autotroph

Question 5

Artificial selection

Answer 5

Selectively breeding animals with desired traits can create a new breed

Question 6

Natural selection

Answer 6

Organisms that are well adapted to their environment and are more likely to survive

Question 7

Adaptations

Answer 7

Structure, behaviors, or internal processes that enable an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring

Question 8

Evolution

Answer 8

Gradual change in species due to the natural selection for adaptations over time

Question 9

Cryptic Coloration

Answer 9

Camouflage

Question 10

How does Natural Selection occur? (1)

Answer 10

More individuals are born then can survive

Question 11

How does Natural Selection occur? (2)

Answer 11

Competition among individuals for survival (Survival of the fittest?)

Question 12

How does Natural Selection occur? (3)

Answer 12

Individuals have different traits (Phenotypes)

Question 13

Use and disuse:

Answer 13

individuals would lose traits that are useful (Jean Bapiste Lamrick)

Question 14

Aquired traits onto their offspring/ extinction didnt exist

Answer 14

Jean Bapiste Lamrick

Question 15

Descent with modification

Answer 15

Modern species must have descended from previous species and these species can change over time. (Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace)

Question 16

Coevolution

Answer 16

“Arms race”
Two species interacting

Question 17

Genetic drift

Answer 17

Any change in allele frequency

Question 18

Founder Effect

Answer 18

Leaving to make a new population

Question 19

Bottleneck affect

Answer 19

Change in number due to natural disaster

Question 20

Hardy-Weinberg Equlibrium

Answer 20

Allele frequencies in a population will remain constant over time so long as

1. Mating is Random
2. No Mutations
3. No Natural Selection
4. Large population size to prevent genetic drift
5. No gene flow

Question 21

Gene flow

Answer 21

Transfer of gene between neighboring population

Question 22

Show evolutionary relationships based on similarities between species

Answer 22

Cladogram

Question 23

Two species living in the same area, developing similar traits due to environmental pressure

Answer 23

Convergence

Question 24

Classified organisms as plants (green and did not move) or animals

Answer 24

Aristotle

Question 25

Layers get older the deeper you go

Answer 25

The Fossil Record

Question 26

Study of how organisms develops

Answer 26

Embryology

Question 27

Study of the body structure — Darwins main source of evidence

Answer 27

Anatomy

Question 28

Structures that are similar because they have a common ancestor

Answer 28

Homologous structure

Question 29

Appear similar because they have a similar function but evolved independently — forms as a result of convergent evolution

Answer 29

Analogous structures

Question 30

Structures that have no function in present organisms

Answer 30

Vestigial Structure

Question 31

We obtain the same phylogenetic trees using difference in _____ and _____

Answer 31

DNA, Amino Acids