Genetics

Question 1

The passing on of characteristics from parent to offspring.

Answer 1

Hereditary

Question 2

Visible characteristics

Answer 2

Traits

Question 3

Segment of DNA that codes a trait

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

Alternate form of a gene

Answer 4

Allele

Question 5

The two allele combination (AA Aa aa)

Answer 5

Genotype

Question 6

Observable traits (Visible rep of genetic composition)

Answer 6

Phenotypes

Question 7

Genetic trait that makes or prevents another trait from being expressed (AA) (Aa)

Answer 7

Dominant Allele

Question 8

Genetic trait that is hidden or not expressed (aa)

Answer 8

Recessive Allele

Question 9

Two of the same allele

Answer 9

Homozygous

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

Two diffrent alleles

Question 11

pair of alleles segregate from each other during meiosis cell division (gamete formation) so that only one allele will be present in each gamete.

Answer 11

Law of segregation

Question 12

Dominant allele is expressed, recessive allele is hidden

Answer 12

Complete Dominance

Question 13

Dominant allele does not completely hide the recessive allele, producing an intermediate phenotype

Answer 13

Incomplete Dominance

Question 14

Both alleles are dominant and both are expressed

Answer 14

Codominance

Question 15

Traits that are controlled by many genes

Answer 15

Polygenic

Question 16

Genes for a disease found on the X chromosome (Since there’s barely any on the Y chromosome)

Answer 16

Sex-linked disorders

Question 17

Only gives X chromosome to child

Answer 17

Mother

Question 18

Will donate either X or Y chromosome, gender is determined by ___ sperm

Answer 18

Dads

Question 19

Sex Linked RECESSESIVE disorders

Answer 19

Red-green colorblindness,
Hemophilia,
Ducehennes muscular dystrophy- muscle degeneration

Question 20

Genetic disorders are found on

Answer 20

One of 44 autosomes

Question 21

Genome

Answer 21

Complete set of genes in the chromosomes of Homo sapiens

Question 22

Analysis of DNA from sample of body tissues or fluids

Used by forensics to identify individuals at crime scenes

Answer 22

Genetic fingerprinting

Question 23

DNA has a ___ charge

Answer 23

Negative

Question 24

Smaller fragments travel

Answer 24

Furthest

Question 25

Larger fragments travel

Answer 25

The least

Question 26

Restriction enzyme

Answer 26

Used to cut DNA into different sizes

Question 27

DNA is placed into a “well” within a

Answer 27

Gel plate

Question 28

Cut DNA is run through a machine called

Answer 28

Gel electrophoresis

Question 29

Repeats in DNA are called

Answer 29

Mini-satellite

Question 30

Children will receive ___ of DNA from each parent

Answer 30

50%

Question 31

Technology that involves inserting DNA into the genome of an organism

Answer 31

Genetic Modification

Question 32

PCR

Answer 32

Is used to amplify a sample of DNA

Question 33

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 33

Used to indicate parternity or solve crimes

Question 34

Human Genome Project

Answer 34

The 13 year effort to sequence genes in DNA

Question 35

Genetic modification

Answer 35

Technology that involves inserting DNA into the genome of an organism

Question 36

CRISPR cas 9

Answer 36

Genetic engineering tool that uses a protein to edit the base pair of a gene — allows for essential genes that are mutated to be fixed (Originally found in bacteria cells in 2012)

Question 37

Mutation

Answer 37

A mutation is a permanent change in DNA sequence of a gene — Can alter amino acids sequence of protein encoded by the gene

Question 38

Gene mutation

Answer 38

SMALL SCALE: one gene is affected — any change to the DNA sequence of a gene

Question 39

Chromosomal Mutation

Answer 39

Any change in structure or number of chromosomes LARGE SCALE: affects many genes

Question 40

Point mutation

Answer 40

Affects one nucleotide because they occur at a single point in the DNA sequence and substitutes one nucleotide for another

Question 41

Nonsense mutation

Answer 41

Code for a stop codon which produces a nonfunctional protein

Question 42

Missense mutations

Answer 42

Code for different amino acids which alter the protein

Question 43

Framshift mutations

Answer 43

Inserting an extra nucleotide, which shifts the “reading frame” of the genetic message