EVOLUTION OF MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

 Microbially induced sedimentary structures were
found in Western Australia depicting earliest record of bacterial community to exist.

 These microbial mats bind together sedimentary
grains to survive water current.

Answer 1

3.5 BILLION YEARS AGO

Question 2

Occurred during the reign of Pharaoh Mempses in the First Dynasty of Egypt was the first
recorded epidemic in human history

Answer 2

3180 B.C. THE GREAT PESTILENCE

Question 2

Caused by bacteria Yersi ni a pest is transmitted by rat flea

Answer 2

THE BUBONIC PLAGUE 542 AD, 1347

Question 2

Caused by variola virus. Originated from China and
spread worldwide

Answer 2

1122 B.C. EARLIEST RECORD OF SMALL POX

Question 3

Second epidemic killed ___ of European population. Also called as “____”

Answer 3

1/3, THE BLACK DEATH

Question 3

First epidemic occurred in the year ____ during ____ and ______ killing _____ million in the span of two centuries.

Answer 3

• 542
• THE SASANIAN & EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
• 25 - 50 MILLION

Question 3

is credited with making one of
the earliest compound microscopes that has two lenses.

Answer 3

ZACHARIASAA JANSSEN

Question 3

created a single-lens
microscope which allowed him to observe and provide
accurate descriptions of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. He is also known as the “Father of Microbiology” mid-1600s

Answer 3

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

Question 4

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Answer 4

CELL THEORY

Question 5

pioneered the formulation of Germ Theory of Disease which states that microorganisms
known as pathogens o “germs” can lead to disease
(unsuccessful)

Answer 5

LOUIS PASTEUR (1857 - 1867)

Question 6

He also developed the process of pasteurization, which
became the basis of aseptic techniques

Answer 6

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 7

These theories and techniques were also used by _________
to develop aseptic techniques during surgery

Answer 7

JOSEPH LISTER

Question 8

proved the Germ Theory of Disease which led to formulation of Koch’s Postulate.

 He successfully identified the following different bacteria that caused anthrax, septicaemia,
tuberculosis, and cholera.

 He used revolutionary methods such as agar culture
and bacterial staining.

Answer 8

ROBERT KOCH (1876)

Question 9

discovered penicillin, an antibiotic drug which was responsible for enabling the control of many infectious diseases like tuberculosis, pneumonia, and meningitis

Answer 9

ALEXANDER FLEMING (1928)

Question 9

This lead to the formulation of Salvarsan, one of the
earliest antibiotic drug used for the treatment of syphilis, caused by

Answer 9

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM

Question 9

used weakened dose of anthrax and cholera on sheep
and chickens to make them immune to the disease.

• They went on to use this method to find a vaccine for
  rabies (1885)

Answer 9

LOUIS PASTEUR & CHARLES CHAMBERLAND

Question 9

formed an idea that it could
be possible to kill specific microbes (such as bacteria) without harming the body itself.

Answer 9

PAUL EHRLICH (1907)

Question 9

WHAT YEAR IS The earliest electron microscope was
developed

Answer 9

1931

Question 9

The Human Genome Project was completed

Answer 9

2003

Question 10

WHAT YEAR WAS The first complete genomic sequencing of a bacteriophage was accomplished

Answer 10

1977

Question 10

WHAT YEAR DOES DNA structure was discovered?

Answer 10

1953