Evolution, Species Interactions and Biological Communities

Question 1

Each species has inherited characteristics, or traits that help it survive. T/F

Answer 1

True

Question 2

involves changes in a population, characteristics that are passed from one generation to the next.

Answer 2

Adapation

Question 3

individual organism’s changes in response to an altered environment

Answer 3

acclimation

Question 4

He explored the process in detail about the organism’s changes in response to an altered environment through the book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859

Answer 4

Charles Darwin

Question 5

He was one of the many who observed and pondered the origins of natural variation

Answer 5

Charles Darwin

Question 6

What book did Charles Darwin published in 1859?

Answer 6

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

Question 7

Better competitors in a population are more likely to survive – giving them greater potential to produce offspring. T/F

Answer 7

True

Question 8

refer to the process in which individuals with useful traits pass on those traits to the next generation, while others reproduce less successfully.

Answer 8

Natural Selection

Question 9

An organism’s physiology and behavior allow it to survive to all environments. T/F

Answer 9

False. only in certain envrionments.

Question 10

Environmental factors mus be at appropriate levels for organisms to persist:

Answer 10

Temperature
Moisture Level
Nutrient Supply
Soil and water chemistry
Living space
Others

Question 11

Critical Limiting Factors

Answer 11

1. physiological stress due to inappropriate levels of a critical environmental factor
2. competition with other species
3. predation

Question 12

He as a chemist that proposed that the single factor in shortest supply relative to demand is the critical factor determining where a species lives.

Answer 12

Justus von Liebig, 1840

Question 13

Justus von Liebig in 1840 proposed that the single factor in shortest supply relative to demand is what determining where a species lives.

Answer 13

Critical Factor

Question 14

sometimes the requirements and tolerances of specieis are useful indicators which is also known as

Answer 14

Indicator Species

Question 15

the place or set of environmenta lconditions in which a particular organisms lives

Answer 15

Habitat

Question 16

describes both the role played by a species in a biological community and the set of environmental factors that determine its distribution

Answer 16

ecological niche

Question 17

the concept of niche was first defined in 1927 by

Answer 17

Charles Elton

Question 18

defined its way of obtaining food, the relationships it had with other species, and the services it provided to its community.

Answer 18

niche

Question 19

these species tolerate a wide range of conditions or exploit a wide range of resources and often have large geographic ranges

Answer 19

Generalists

Question 20

these species have narrow ecological niche

Answer 20

Specialists

Question 21

These restrict the ecological niche

Answer 21

Genetic Traits

Instinctive behaviours

Question 22

He explained that complete competitors cannot coexist.

Answer 22

G.F. Gause

Question 23

G.F. Gause thought of an idea that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche for long.

Answer 23

Principle of Competitive Exclusion

Question 24

other species disappears or develops a new niche, exploiting resources differently, a process known as what?

Answer 24

Resource partitioning

Question 25

this can allow several species to utilize different parts of the same resource and coexist within a single habitat

Answer 25

partitioning

Question 26

classic example of resource partitioning was studied by

Answer 26

Robert MacArthur

Question 27

development of a new species

Answer 27

speciation

Question 28

speciation that occurs when populations are geographically separated

Answer 28

Allopatric Speciation

Question 29

speciation that occurs within one geographic area

Answer 29

sympatric speciation

Question 30

general term for factors that make certain mutations advantageous

Answer 30

selection presure

Question 31

general term for factors that modify species' traits

Answer 31

selective pressure

Question 32

comptition over resources can exert selective pressure by causing specieis to partition, or separate, their use of the resource. t/f

Answer 32

true

Question 33

competition leads to resource allocation

Answer 33

species interaction

Question 34

type of antagonistic relationships within a biological community

Answer 34

competition

Question 35

competition among members of the same species

Answer 35

intraspecific competition

Question 36

competition between members of different species

Answer 36

interspecific competition`

Question 37

effect of predations in communities

Answer 37

affects 1. all stages in the life cycles of predator and prey species 2. many specialized food-obtaining mechanisms 3. evolutionary adjustments in behavior and body characteristics that help prey escape being eaten and help predators more efficiently catch their prey

Question 38

a superior competitior in a habitat builds up a larger population that its competiting species

Answer 38

predator-mediated competition

Question 39

predation doesn't lead to adaptation (t/f)

Answer 39

false

Question 40

general term for close adaptaion of two species is

Answer 40

coevolution

Question 41

He introduced the term Batesian mimicry that certain species that are harmless resemble poisonous or distasteful ones, gaining protection against predators that remember a bad experience with the actual toxic organism.

Answer 41

Hentry Walter Bates

Question 42

This term was named after Henry Walter Bates

Answer 42

Batesian mimicry

Question 43

interdependence of organism to another

Answer 43

mutualism

Question 44

type of symbiosis in which one member clearly benefits and the other apparently is neither benefited nor harmed

Answer 44

commensalism

Question 45

a form of predation, is considered symbiosis because of the dependency of the parasite on its host

Answer 45

parasitism

Question 46

plays a critical role in a biological community that is out of proportion to its abundance

Answer 46

keystone species

Question 47

a growth of the housefly population that doesn't have a limit and possessing a distinctive shape when graphed over time

Answer 47

exponential growth

Question 48

occurs because of its changes in growth rate over time

Answer 48

logistic growth

Question 49

mean the number or biomass of animals that can be supported in a certain area of habitat

Answer 49

carrying capacity

Question 50

death exceeding birth

Answer 50

population crash or dieback

Question 51

adapted to employ a high reproductive rate to overcome the high mortality of virtually ignored offspring

Answer 51

r-selected species

Question 52

adapted to slower growth conditions near the carrying capacity of their environment

Answer 52

k-selected species

Question 53

r-selected species are also known as

Answer 53

prey (low-trophic level)

Question 54

k-selected species are also known as

Answer 54

predator high-trophic level)