evolutionary theory I Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is Platonic Idealism in the context of species?
The idea that there are essential, unchanging kinds of things, forming the basis for fixed categories of organisms.
What is the Great Chain of Being?
A hierarchical model placing all entities from inanimate matter to divine beings in a fixed, linear order.
What was the purpose of the HMS Beagle voyage (1831–1836)?
To survey South American coasts and collect data; Darwin gathered evidence that led to his theory of evolution.
What did Darwin observe about Galapagos finches?
Their beak shapes varied and were adapted to different types of foraging.
What was the Megatherium?
A giant sloth species from the Pleistocene, part of now-extinct megafauna.
Who were the Native People of Tierra del Fuego?
An extinct human population adapted to extreme cold climates.
What was Thomas Malthus’ contribution to evolutionary theory?
Proposed that population grows faster than food supply, leading to competition.
What does Darwin’s theory of natural selection state?
Species change over time due to inherited variations; those better adapted leave more offspring.
What is meant by “descent with modification”?
Species evolve over generations, accumulating changes that adapt them to the environment.
What were two major problems for Darwin’s theory?
The unknown mechanism of heredity and the existence of altruistic or costly traits.
What is intrasexual selection?
Competition within a sex, typically male-male combat (e.g. elephant seals).
What is intersexual selection?
Selection based on mate choice, often female preference for elaborate traits.
How does tail ornamentation relate to mate success in peacocks?
More eyespots are associated with more mates and heavier offspring.
What traits do women typically prefer in mates, according to evolutionary theory?
Resource-gathering potential and financial security.
What traits do men typically prefer in mates, according to evolutionary theory?
Youth and physical attractiveness (indicators of fertility).
What did the “Lonely Hearts” ad study show about mate preferences?
Men emphasize appearance and youth; women emphasize financial security.
