Ex1 Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Hypogonadism of andropause decrease what?
A
Strength, cognition, libido, hemoglobin
2
Q
What is tight foreskin that will not retract over glans?
A
Phimosis
3
Q
According to the American cancer society what are ways to prevent prostate cancer?
A
Limit intake of animal fat, choose MOST foods from plant courses, whole grain bread, 5 servings of fruits and veggies a day minimum.
4
Q
To prevent prostate cancer one should eat high ______foods?
A
Lycopene
5
Q
What sphincter is made out of smooth muscle?
A
Internal
6
Q
What is the consistency of prostate cancer?
A
Hard nodules?
7
Q
What is failure of one of both testes to descend into the scrotum?
A
Cryptorchidism
8
Q
What are one examples of lycopene foods?
A
Tomatoes, grapefruit, watermelon (antioxidants prevent dna damage)
9
Q
Is chlamydia curable ?
A
Yes
10
Q
What are precautions to treating someone with aids?
A
Skin lesion, fluid (glove up)
11
Q
What is a bacterial or fungal infection seen in uncircumcised males with swelling of the glans, often seen with phimosis, in poorly controlled diabetes or candida infection?
A
Balanitis
12
Q
When do you do a DRE (age)? High risk age?
A
50, over 40 for high risk
13
Q
What 3 things. Help with constipattion?
A
Fiber, exercise water
14
Q
What is a fibrous band in the corpus cavernous, deviation of the penis?
A
Peyronie disease
15
Q
What can present as low back pain?
A
BPH, prostatic CA (may have perianl pain) acute or chronic prostatitis.
16
Q
What are dietary risk factors for colon cancer?
A
Low vit d and calcium in diet
17
Q
Where can the infection spread in chronic prostatitis?
A
To the scrotum and epididymis
18
Q
What are signs and symptoms of prostate cancer?
A
Low back pain at night
19
Q
How many more times likely are you to get hep b or c than aids/
A
100
20
Q
Who is torsion more common in>
A
Babies to teens
21
Q
Is acute prostatitis painful ?
A
Yes, very very painful
22
Q
How may people in the us were living with hiv at the end of 2012?
A
1.2 mil
23
Q
What is the inability to replace the foreskin once retracted?
A
Paraphimosis
24
Q
What are some symptoms/signs of epididymitis ?
A
Gradual onset of pain, fever, retail discharge, modular epididymitis,
25
How many grams of fiber should men be getting?
30-35 g a day (woman 25)
26
What are the recommendations for hiv testing once you have it?
6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months
27
What is inflammation of the glans and prepuce ?
Balanoposthitis
28
Testicular cancer is increased in incidence with what?
Cryptorchidism, or else elated testicular temp over time
29
Overall an american has a 1 in__ change of being diagnosed with hiv?
99
30
African American men and woman made up how much % of new AIDS causes?
44%
31
What can improve diabetes, kidney disease, low t, erectile dysfunction?
Exercise
32
How many African American men in Washington DC are HIV +?
1/4
33
When should someone get a colonoscopy ?
Baseline at age 50 (every 5-10 after that)
34
What is twisting of the testis on the spermatic cord?
Torsion
35
What are some tests that can be done for aids?
Orasure/ora quik, elisa
36
What is a watery or purpulet discharge from the penis?
Gonorrhea
37
What sphincter is made out of striated muscle ?
External
38
What are symptoms of a testicular tumor ?
Usually malignant, fixed non tender mass that does not trans illuminate
39
What are some examples of opportunistic things that aids patients get?
Yeast infections, kaposis sarcoma, pneumonia
40
How big is the prostate?
Chestnut size
41
Colorectal screenings could say how many lives a year?
18,800
42
What is a painless erosion at or near coronal sulcus, mucous plug before am urination
Chlamydia
43
What are some unexpected clinical concerns with someone with aids?
Heart attack, osteoporosis, lipodystrophy, lipoatrophy
44
What is worst case combined gleason ?
10 (5+5)
45
What is a congenital defect withurethral opening in the ventral surface of the penis, rather than on the glans?
Hypospadius
46
What are symptoms or torsion?
Acute pain, vomiting, nausea, lack or cremasreric reflex
47
Testicular cancer is more common in who? And how much more common?
5 times more common in Caucasian
48
What is sebaceous material secreted by the glans penis and epithelium desquamated from the prepuce?
Smegma
49
What is the size and feel during a DRE for acute prostatitis?
Enlarged size and may be warm
50
Does prostate Cancer metastasize?
Yes, cancer from the prostate is responsible for 60% of all skeletal metastasis
51
What PSA levels are considered normal?
<4
52
What is the cause of most penile cancer usually in uncircumcised males, that is characterized by a painless ulceration that wont heal?
Squamous cell
53
Urinary symptoms may be aggregated by what?
Exposure to cold, immobilization, attempting to retain urine, anesthetics anticholingerics, alcohol
54
What percent of people did not know they had hiv in 2012?
13% or 1 in 8
55
What does hpv cause ??
Penile cancer
56
What are others complications of BPH?
Incomplete blaster emptying (leading to urinary stasis)
57
What kind of gleason score is bad?
High one (5)
58
All hard nodules in the prostate should be considered what?
Cancerous until everything else is ruled out
59
The external sphincter is under what control?
Voluntary
60
What percent of men over age 70 have some BPH?
70-90%
61
What are risk factors for testicular cancer?
Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism), abnormal development (klinefelter) 20-35 white people
62
What does a prostate abbess develop from?
Complication of acute prostatitis, urethritis, epididymitis
63
Studies have shown that low T predicts what disease?
Alzheimers
64
Hypogonadism of adropauses causes what?
Obesity, ischemic heart diseases, osteoporosis
65
When shouldn't you do a DRE?
Anal cracks/fissures/bleeding, anal fistula (very painful), spasticity of the sphincter, rectal prolapse (surgery re visit needed)
66
What is it called when radioactive seeds are planted in the prostate?
Brachytherapy
67
What are herbal strategies for prostate health?
Saw palmettom stinging nettles, pumpkin seeds (oil). Pygeum africans
68
First noticeable symptoms of aids occur when?
10 years later
69
Testosterone improves what?
Memory
70
What is the size of BPH and is it tender or not?
Size is enlarged, nontender
71
What is BPH a problem?
Acute urinary retention may occur causing recur T chronic urinary tract infections
72
An increase in PSA of what percent in a year may indicate cancer?
25%
73
What is a congenital defect resulting in the urethra opening in the dosum of penis?
Epispadius
74
In gleason combined scores the first number is the_____
Secondary area
75
What is dilation and torsion of the spermatic cord and veils with scrotal swelling that pal tastes like a bag of worms in the scrotum ?
Varicocele
76
What test is used to confirm aids?
Western blot
77
What part of the rectum is under autonomic control and is insensible to pathology (may be no pain) ?
Upper half
78
What are signs and symptoms of early prostate cancer?
Asymptomatic
79
What are risk factor for penile cancer?
Failure to maintain good hygiene with foreskin intact, HPV, smoking, increases with age
80
What should you always do when doing are DRE?
Always have another individual in this room?
81
What is the most common cancer in young men?
Testicular cancer ( should do a monthly testicular self exam)
82
What is the cause or epididymitis?
Bacterial infection (STD, UTI)
83
What are symptoms of a tire prostatitis?
Perineal, prostate, and low back pain
84
What is cystic swelling of the epididymus. That does transilluminate?
Spermatocele
85
What is required by law when there i risk of exposure to blood borne pagthognes ?
Policy manual and a spill kit
86
Is prostate cancer painful?
No, it is usually asymptomatic
87
If you or the patient is uncomfortable doing a DRE what should you do?
Refer them out
88
What are risk factors for prostate cancer?
Over 50, african america, high animal fat defect
89
What is a non tender smooth firm mass, fluid filled scrotum?
Hydrocele
90
The urge to defecate occurs due to stimulation of what sphincter?
Internal
91
Less than _______ CD4 and T cells indicates aids?
200
92
The prostate surrounds what?
The urethra
93
In 2014 what % of new AIDS infections were in gay and bisexual men?
67%
94
What is the consistency of a BPH? (3 things)
Boggy, squishy, smooth
95
What is associated with hypogonadism, small scrotum, female pubic hair pattern and gynecomastia?
Klinefelter syndrome Xxy
96
What is prolonged, often painful erection, seen in hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell anemia or leukemia
Priapism
97
What surface of the rectum is assessable by DRE?
Posterior surface
98
Who is epididymitis more common in?
Teens to adults
99
Is torsion or epididymitis a surgical emergency ?
Torsion
100
In 2014 aids was the _____leading cause of death is what age group?
8th, 25-34
101
What part of the country is aids most common?
South and northeast
102
Opportunistic infections happen because of what in aids patients ?
Compromised immunity
103
Low levels of FREE PSA are more likely what?
Cancer
104
The internal sphincter is under what kind of control?
Involuntary autonomic control.
105
How does a prostate abscess palpate?
As a hole or divot
106
A gleason score to the far left is_____?
Good
107
Unlike hiv, hep b and c can do what?
Live outside the body for several days
108
What are the three most common STDs?
HERPES, HPV (Condy acuminata), chlamydia (lymphograulama venereum)
109
How many males will have prostate cancer?
1 out of 6
110
Dedication is controlled by what?
Striated external sphincter
111
Aids usually develops how long after initial hiv infection?
8-10 years
112
What part of the anal canal is sensitive to pain and somatic sensory nerves?
Lower half
113
What PSA levels are considered high?
Above 10 ng/ml
114
How many more times males are HIV+ over females?
4x
115
Colorectal cancer is most commonly seen in what 2 groups of ppl ?
African Americans, alaskan natives
116
Low T is assoacited with what?
Declining cognition
117
A gleason score to the far right is______?
Bad
118
What are prostatic calculi made out of?
Corpora amylacea
