Exam 1 Flashcards
What is pathophysiology?
physiology of altered health
what is pathology?
deals with the study of the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs of the body hat cause or caused by disease
What is physiology?
deals with the functions of the human body
What is disease?
acute or chronic illness that one acquires or is born with and that causes physiologic dysfunction in one or more body systems.
what are etiology factors?
causes of disease
what are congential conditions?
defects that are present at birth
what are acquired defects?
those that are caused by events after birth
What is pathogenesis?
explains how disease process evolves
What is morphology?
fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
What are exacerbations?
aggravation of symptoms and severity of the disease
What are the different spectrums of disease?
- Preclinical stage: the disease is not clinically evident but destined to progress to clinical disease
- Subclinical disease: is not clinically apparent and is not destined to become clinically apparent
- Clinical disease: manifested by signs and symptoms
- Carrier status: person who harbors an organism but is not infected
What is epidemiology?
study of disease occurrence in human populations
What is incidence?
reflects the number of new cases arising in a population at risk during a specified time
What is prevalence?
measure of existing disease in a population at a given point in time
What is morbidity?
the effects an illness has on a person’s life
What is mortality?
provide info about the causes of death in a given population
What is a protoplasm?
intracellular fluid. Composed of: water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and electrolytes. Two distinct regions:
What is karyoplasm?
nucleoplasm is inside the nucleus
What is a cytoplasm?
outside the nucleus. Includes the fluid and organelles outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane surrounding the cell.
What is RNA?
molecules that move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and carry out the synthesis of proteins.
What are the different types of RNA?
- Messenger RNA (mRNA): made from genetic info transcribed from the DNA in a process called transcription. Travels to ribosomes in the cytoplasm so these instructions can be used to make proteins
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): RNA component of ribosomes, the site of protein production
- Transfer RNA (tRNA): transports amino acids to ribosomes so that mRNA can be turned into a sequence of amino acids.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
- extensive system of paired membranes and flat vesicles that connect parts of the inner cell.
- produces proteins for the body
What are the two different types of the ER?
- Rough ER: has ribosomes attached. Makes digestive enzymes found in lysosomes and proteins that are secreted, such as the protein hormone insulin (protein synthesis)
- smooth ER: free of ribosomes: lipid synthesis
What is the golgi complex?
four or more stacks of thin, flattened vesicles or sacs. Substances produced in the ER are carried to the golgi in small, membrane-covered transfer vesicles. The golgi modifies these substances and packages them into secretory granules or vesicles. UPS STORE/POST OFFICE