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Zoology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Science

A

The explanation of phenomena through the examination of natural causes

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2
Q

Scientific Method (Steps 1-4)

A
  • starts with an idea
  • prediction
  • test
  • theory
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3
Q

Evolution

A

the change in populations of organisms through time

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4
Q

Theory can be (1 of 3 things)…

A
  • fully supported
  • partially supported
  • unsupported
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5
Q

Zoology

A

using evolution as the foundation, we rely on numerous tools to understand the relationships among animals

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6
Q

Homologous Structures

A

structures found among species because of common ancestors (like the humorous in humans, horses, and bats)

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7
Q

Rudimentary Structures

A

the beginnings/basis of advanced structures

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8
Q

Vestigial

A

remnant structures that ha greater function in ancestry (i.e. the appendix)

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9
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Structure -
Function -
Fitness -

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10
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Structure -
Function -
Fitness -

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11
Q

Autotrophic

A

Structure -
Function -
Fitness -

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12
Q

Heterotrophic

A

Structure -
Function -
Fitness -

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13
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A
  • came up with taxonomy; the formal naming and classification system of organisms
  • did not believe in evolution; god created everything and it does not change
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14
Q

Evolution

A

change in populations of organisms through time.

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15
Q

homologous structures

A

similar structures between organisms due to a common ancestor

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16
Q

analogous structures

A

similar structures between organisms between UNRELATED organisms
- in different dermis layers usually

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17
Q

vestigial structures

A

remnant structures that had greater function in ancestry

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18
Q

rudimentary structures

A
  • the most basic form of a structure

- the beginnings of advanced structures we see today

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19
Q

phylogeny

A

evolutionary diversification and the degree of relatedness among organisms

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20
Q

systematics

A

the evolutionary history of organisms through time

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21
Q

taxonomy

A

identification, classification, and naming of organisms

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22
Q

cladogram

A

a model of the relationships between various organisms

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23
Q

clades

A

a group of organisms believed to have originated from one common ancestor

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24
Q

synapomorphy

A

characteristics shared by a a group of organisms that is proof of common ancestry

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25
monophyletic group
the most recent common ancestor of a group and all of its ancestors
26
polyphyletic group
a group of unrelated organisms that lacks a recent common ancestor
27
multicellular
having many cells
28
multiple germ layer
containing at least 2/3: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
29
bilateral symmetry
a mirror image across one plane
30
radial symmetry
a mirror image across multiple planes
31
coelomates
protective layer between the body wall and the organs, to protect the organs and allow them to grow independently from the outside of the body
32
aceolomates
digestive cavity surrounded by the three tissue layers (flatworms)
33
Pseudocoelomates
digestive cavity in roundworms surrounded by a pseudocolem and then the 3 tissue layers
34
lophophore
feeding / breathing structure composed of ciliated tentacles
35
trochophore
free swimming larva with 2 bands of cilia around it
36
ecdysis
shedding of the exoskeleton
37
deuterostomes
- during the embryology / gastrulation stage the first opening, blastopore, becomes the anus
38
protostomes
- MOUTH develops from the first developmental opening; the blastopore
39
zygote
a fertilized egg, single celled
40
cleavage
when a zygote begins to divide and develop into an embryo
41
morula
gestation stage after zygote | zygote - morula - blastula - gastrula - embryo
42
blastula
a zygote goes through rapid cell division during the gestation to form a blastula
43
invagination
when one half of the blastopore folds in, producing a gastrula
44
blastopore
an opening in the blastula; marks the beginning of gastrulation
45
gastrula
46
embryology
47
pharyngeal slits
- openings in the throat, found in deuterostomia for feeding (initially) and respiration - mesoderm derived (so bony or cartilage)
48
notochord
49
dorsal nerve cord
50
post anal tail
51
semicircular canal
52
extra embryonic membrane
53
basal group
54
terminal group
55
primitive
56
derived
57
pinacocytes
- gel like to help sponge maintain shape / structure | - help with movement by contracting and stretching
58
mesenchyme cells
- gives rise to the body's connective tissue
59
choanocytes
- specialized cells on the flagellum that help an organism create flow in the water and capture food/nutrients that floats by
60
ostia
tiny pores on a sponge that allow water to flow through the sponge while the sponge absorbs the nutrients
61
oscula (osculum)
the sponge opening that lets water pass through its pores
62
spongin
- the squishy, fibers part of the sponge | - provides structure and flexibility
63
archeocytes
- totipotent amoeboid cells | - all specialized cells in a sponge originate as an archeocyte
64
gemmules
the buds that form on sponges as a form of asexual reproduction
65
asconoid
- simplest type of sponge - dermal pores and no canals - one osculum
66
syconoid
more complex than asconoid but not as much as leuconoid - complex canals one osculum
67
leuconoid
- most complex type of sponge - not all chambers are flagellated - selectively pumps water

Zoology (2 decks)

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