Exam 2 Material

Question 1

Protista

• osmoregulation
• nitrogenous waste
• locomotion
• skeleton
• digestion

Answer 1

• osmoregulation: cell diffusion
• nitrogenous waste: cell diffusion
• locomotion: flagella, cilia, pseudopodia
• skeleton: hydrostatic calcium carbonate
• digestion: intracellular

Question 2

Porifera

• osmoregulation
• nitrogenous waste
• locomotion
• skeleton
• digestion

Answer 2

• osmoregulation: cell diffusion through body wall
• nitrogenous waste: cell diffusion through body wall
• locomotion: flagella, cilia, pseudopodia
• skeleton: N/A
• digestion: collar cells, intra/extracellular, and filter feeders

Question 3

Cnidaria / Ctenophera

• osmoregulation
• nitrogenous waste
• locomotion
• skeleton
• digestion

Answer 3

• osmoregulation: cell diffusion
• nitrogenous waste: cell diffusion through body wall
• locomotion: contracting epidermis cells, flagella, cnidocytes, muscle cells
• skeleton: N/A
• digestion: gastrovascular cavity, incomplete digestion, intra/extracellular

Question 4

Platyhelmenthyes

• osmoregulation
• nitrogenous waste
• locomotion
• skeleton
• digestion

Answer 4

• osmoregulation: cell diffusion
• nitrogenous waste: cell diffusion through body walls
• locomotion: N/A
• skeleton: N/A
• digestion: gastrovascular, incomplete pharynx, digestive sacs, intra/extracellular, absorption parasites

Question 5

Mollusca

• osmoregulation
• nitrogenous waste
• locomotion
• skeleton
• digestion

Answer 5

• osmoregulation: cell diffusion
• nitrogenous waste: cell diffusion through body wall or mantle
• locomotion: N/A
• skeleton: N/A
• digestion: complete digestive system, radula, intra/extracellular

Question 6

Annelida

• osmoregulation
• nitrogenous waste
• locomotion
• skeleton
• digestion

Answer 6

• osmoregulation: cell diffusion, nedidephida
• nitrogenous waste: cell dissuasion through body wall
• locomotion: N/A
• skeleton: N/A
• digestion: complete intra/extracellular, ffed on everything

Question 7

Arthropoda

• osmoregulation
• nitrogenous waste
• locomotion
• skeleton
• digestion

Answer 7

• osmoregulation: cell diffusion, water vascular system
• nitrogenous waste: cell diffusion, water vascular system
• locomotion:
• skeleton:
• digestion: complete intra/extracellular

Question 8

Echinoderm

• osmoregulation
• nitrogenous waste
• locomotion
• skeleton
• digestion

Answer 8

• osmoregulation: cell diffusion, water vascular system
• nitrogenous waste: cell diffusion, water vascular system
• locomotion: N/A
• skeleton: N/A
• digestion: complete intra/extracellular

Question 9

Define Animal

Answer 9

one of several multicellular lineages of eukaryotes commonly described as being chordates. Animal is an archaic term that needs to be retired because it does not describe a monophyletic group

Question 10

Monophyletic Vs Polyphyletic Group

Answer 10

monophyletic is a group of organisms descended from a single ancestor while polyphyletic group is composed of unrelated organisms descended from more than one ancestor

Question 11

Define Theory

Answer 11

a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principals independent of the thing to be explained
- supported and unsupported

Question 12

Coelom vs Pseudocoelom

Answer 12

• coelom lacks peritoneum lining that pseudocoleom has
• coelom is not derived from the mesoderm but pseudocoloeom is
• coelom is segmented, pseudo is not
• coelom has muscles / supporting mesenteries, pseudo does not

Question 13

Define monophyletic group

Answer 13

a group of organisms descended from a single ancestor

- ex: humans ad moneys

Question 14

define polyphyletic group

Answer 14

unrelated organisms descended from more than one ancestor

Question 15

Excretion vs Osmoregulation

Answer 15

Excretion is removing waste from the body

Osmoregulation is the process of maintaining a constant osmotic pressure within the body fluids

Question 16

Strong Characteristics Mollusca

Answer 16

• mantle
• 2 part body
• radula (tongue)

Question 17

Strong Characteristics Annelida

Answer 17

• unique segmentation
• coelom
• paired epidermal setae

Question 18

Strong Characteristics of Platyhelmenthies

Answer 18

• non segmented

- worm like

Question 19

Strong Characteristics of Arthropoda

Answer 19

• segmentation
• tagmatization
• chitinous exoskeleton

Question 20

Strong Characteristics of Echinoderma

Answer 20

• 5 sided radial symmetry

- a water vascular system

Question 21

Polyplacophora common name

Answer 21

chitins

Question 22

cestoidea common name

Answer 22

tapeworms

Question 23

Trematoda common name

Answer 23

flukes

Question 24

monogenean common name

Answer 24

monogenetic flukes

Question 25

Turbellaria common name

Answer 25

flatworm

Question 26

strong characteristics Nematoda

Answer 26

- molts | - pseudocoloeomate

Question 27

intracellular digestion

Answer 27

digestion within the cell by chemical processes

Question 28

extracellular digestion

Answer 28

digestion outside of the cell, biotic breakdown by bacteria

Question 29

meslglea

Answer 29

gelanenous material in the gastrodermis and epidermis; acts asa hydrostatic skeleton

Question 30

cnidocytes

Answer 30

cells that contain nematocysts | - used for defense, feeding, deliver toxins

Question 31

nematocysts

Answer 31

the stinger that sticks into prey

Question 32

cnidocil

Answer 32

trigger located on the cnidocyte which activated the nematocyst: outward by osmotic pressure

Question 33

polyp

Answer 33

sessile life stage

Question 34

tactile function

Answer 34

sensitivity to touch

Question 35

septa

Answer 35

divisions of the body cavity

Question 36

torsion

Answer 36

act of twisting digestive tract into U-shape

Question 37

metamerism

Answer 37

segmented arrangement of the internal and external body

Question 38

longitudinal muscles

Answer 38

run from the front to back and make it flat

Question 39

circular muscles

Answer 39

circle the body, make it thinner

Question 40

protostome

Answer 40

an organism who's blastopore forms the mouth

Question 41

deuterostome

Answer 41

blastopore is developed from the anus

Question 42

Pseudocoelomates

Answer 42

false coelom, a fluid filled body

Question 43

acoelomate

Answer 43

lacks a coelom or body cavity

Question 44

coelomate

Answer 44

possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm