Exam 1 Flashcards by Collin Eads

Based on followers’ identification and liking of the leader. (Personal power)

Referent Power

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Based on followers’ perception of the leader’s competence. (Personal power)

Expert Power

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Associated with having status or formal job authority. Based on position and mutual agreement. (Positional power)

Legitimate Power

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Derived from having the capacity to provide rewards to others. (Positional power)

Reward Power

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Derived from having the capacity to penalize or punish others. (Positional power)

Coercive Power

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Derived from possessing knowledge that others want or need. (Positional power)

Informative Power

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Derives from a particular office or rank in a formal organization.

Position Power

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The influence capacity a leader derives from being seen by followers as likable and knowledgeable.

Personal power

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A person with power who plans, organizes, staffs, controls.

Management

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A person with power who motivates movement, change, improvement.

Leadership

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Trait Approaches theorize that…

Leaders are born.

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Behavior Style Approaches theorize that…

Leaders are made.

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Contingency and Situational Approaches theorize that…

Leaders appear in different situations (depending on context).

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What are two examples of Trait Theories?

“Great Man” Theory

2. Psychodynamic Approach

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What are 4 examples of Behavioral Theories?

Lewin Studies
Ohio State studies
Michigan Studies
The Leadership Grid

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What are 3 examples of Contingency and Situational Theories?

Fiedler’s Theory
Hersey and Blanchard
Path-goal Theory

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What are the 5 traits that appear most frequently from leaders?

Intelligence
Self-Confidence
Determination
Integrity
Sociability

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Stogdill’s definition of a leader included…

A relationship between people in a social situation.

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Mann’s definition of a leader included…

Less emphasis on social, personality traits is more of a decider.

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Lord, Devader, and Alliger definition of a leader included…

Personality traits that could be used to differentiate leaders and non-leaders.

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Kirkpatrik and Lock’s definition of a leader included…

6 traits make up the “right stuff” for leaders.

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(Leadership style) The leader uses strong, directive, controlling all actions. Followers have little influence.

Autocratic (Authoritative)

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(Leadership style) The leader takes collaborative, reciprocal, interactive actions with followers. Followers have a high degree of influence.

Democratic (Participative)

(Leadership style) The leader fails to accept the responsibilities of the position; creating chaos in the work environment.

Laissez-Faire (Delegative)

Leader behavior aimed at defining and organizing work relationships and roles; establishes organization, communication, and task completion. (Task Behavior)

Initiating Structure

Leader behavior aimed at nurturing friendly, warm working relationships, as well as encouraging mutual trust. (Relationship Behavior)

Consideration

Studies that identified the number of times leaders engaged in specific behaviors.; 150 questions. (LBDQ)

Ohio State Studies

Studies include specific emphasis on the impact of leadership behavior on the performance of small groups.

Michigan Studies

Which orientation stresses the technical aspects of a job?

Production orientation

Which orientation stresses strong human relations?

Employee orientation

Used to assess personality for individuals.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. (MBTI)

What are the 5 parts of the Big Five Model?

1. Openness 2. Conscientiousness 3. Extraversion 4. Agreeableness 5. Neuroticism

How many personalities types are there for Myers-Briggs?

16 personalities

Research shows a preference for leaders who are...?

TJ: Thinker-Judges | 69.9 - 85% of those surveyed voted

Strongest to weakest factors in terms of strength (Big Five Model)

1. Extraversion 2. Conscientiousness 3. Neuroticism 4. Openness 5. Agreeableness

What are the 3 other important traits relevant to leadership?

1. Locus of Control 2. Self-efficacy 3. Tolerance for ambiguity

(Tolerance of ambiguity dimensions) Coping with new, unfamiliar situations.

Novelty

(Tolerance of ambiguity dimensions) Using multiple, distinctive, or unrelated info.

Complexity

(Tolerance of ambiguity dimensions) Dealing with problems that are difficult to solve.

Insolubility

___ types tend to be the best descriptors of the stereotype of an effective manager.

Thinking (T)

Describes how leaders can motivate their followers to achieve group and organizational goals. LEADERS-MATCH : match leaders to appropriate situations.

Contingency Approach

A leader who invites subordinates to share in the decision-making. (Path-goal)

Participate Leadership

A leader who challenges subordinates to perform work at the highest level possible. (Path-goal)

Achievement-oriented Leadership

What are the 4 parts of the Path-goal theory matrix?

1. Directive 2. Supportive 3. Participate 4. Achievement-oriented

A leader who gives subordinates task instruction. (Path-goal)

Directive Leadership

A leader who is friendly and approachable. (Path-goal)

Supportive Leadership

A leadership style that can be changed by looking at the development of the followers. (Hersey and Blanchard)

Situational Leadership

Behavior that helps group members in goal achievement via one-way communication.

Directive Behavior

Behavior that assists group members via two-way communication in feeling comfortable with themselves, co-workers, and situations.

Supportive Behavior

Hersey and Blanchard's 4 leadership styles.

1. Directing Style 2. Coaching Style 3. Supporting Style 4. Delegating Style

Describe the development levels for Followers.

Development levels are ranked from D1 to D4. D4 is the best with the highest competence and commitment. D1 is the lowest with the lowest competence.

What are the 2 tasks that leaders have?

1. Diagnose the situation | 2. Adapt leadership style

What are the 3 key points of Fiedler's Contingency Theory?

1. Leader-member Relations 2. Task Structure 3. Position power

What are the 2 leader styles for Fiedler's Contingency theory?

1. Task-oriented | 2. Relationship-oriented

Based on least preferred coworker (LPC), which type of worker is relationship-oriented?

High type

Based on least preferred coworker (LPC), which type of worker is task-oriented?

Low type