Exam 1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Etiology: Definition
The cause/investigation of the cause of a particular condition.
Epidemiology
Study of distribution & frequency of disease in a population.
Incedence
Number of cases within a year.
Prevalence
Total number of given cases at any given time.
Etiology: Chronic Disease
The etiology of chronic diseases is often attributed to lifestyle factors (poor diet & lack of exercise, tobacco use).
Acquired Disease
Conditions that develop over the lifespan that may be genetic/environmental/a combination of both.
Congenital Conditions
Apparent at birth or shortly after birth.
Genetic Conditions
Caused by a change in DNA structure–polygenic.
Heritable Disease
Genetic conditions called monogenic diseases–caused by a mutation of a single gene.
Idiopathic Condition
Cause of condition is unknown
Etiology: Mental Health Conditions
Most mental health conditions are a combination of environmental (infection, trauma, toxins) and genetic components (neurotransmitters).
Dominant Gene
Only one parent needed to pass the mutation to the child.
Recessive Gene
Both parents must carry the mutation for the child to have it.
X-linked Gene
Trait/mutation linked to the X-chromosome.
Can be dominant or recessive.
Appears more often in males because they carry just 1 X chromosome.
Terratogen
Drug or substance that causes a birth defect.
Translocation
When a chromosome divides then recombines incorrectly.
Genotype
Genetic composition of an individual.
Phenotype
Traits/external appearance.
Autosomal Recessive
Only one parent carries trait–Aa, aa, causing gene to skip a generation.
Autosomal Dominant
One parent has disease (not merely a carrier)–effect of gene is apparent.
E.g., Huntington’s.
Trisomy
3 copies of a chromosome instead of 2.
Immune Response
Body’s defense system:
Network of cells, tissues, & organs that work together to defend the body against harmful substances.
Why should OTs understand the immune system?
To recognize the abnormal responses associated with disorders of the immune system.
Phases of adaptive immune response:
1) Rapid, non-specific cellular response.
2) Acute inflammatory response containing infection–begins within 9-96 hours after onset.
3) Antigen presentation.
4) Humoral immunity.
5) Cell-mediated immunity.
