exam 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What type of organism causes the very serious infectious disease called anthrax?
bacteria
The planet Earth is roughly ___________ billion years old.
4.5 billion
Considering the phylogeny shown above, salamanders are
equally close related
Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?
dolphins and sharks
Considering the phylogeny of vertebrates shown above, what synapomorphy (or synapomorphies) was used to decide the clade containing crocodile and pigeon?
gizzard
Considering the phylogeny shown above, which of these 3 clades (outlined in blue, red, and yellow shading) is a polyphyletic group?
red colored clade
About 1% of humans have a rare allele of the CCR5 cell surface receptor gene that makes them highly resistant to infection from the HIV1 virus. What part of the viral cell cycle is stopped/negatively affected in these individuals and allows them to be highly resistant to infection?
fusion of the viral envelope with the cell’s plasma membrane
Viruses are very simple and are missing their own
ribosomes, nucleotides, amino acids, most enzymes..
Prokaryotes do not reproduce sexually but are capable of a process called horizontal gene transfer. Of the 3 types of horizontal gene transfer, which involves 2 prokaryotes coming in direct contact with each other?
conjugation
Bacteria and archaea are able to withstand hypotonic environments because of a structure that they both have. What is this structure?
cell wall
Considering the phylogeny above in which “protists” are shown in orange, how would you describe the group “protists”?
paraphyletic
Considering this phylogeny shown above, which group is most closely related to the group “Amoebae”?
both fungi and animal
Which of the following organisms has a diplontic life cycle?
dolphins
Do “protist” cells contain organelles like animal, plant, and fungal (i.e., mushrooms) do?
yes
For organisms that have a haplontic life cycle, the only diploid cell is
the zygote
What is the purpose/end products of the “light-independent reactions” of photosynthesis?
produce sugars
Where did all the O2 in Earth’s come from?
The splitting of water molecules during photosynthesis.
What is the purpose/end products of the “light-dependent reactions” of photosynthesis?
store sunlight energy in the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
Types of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis A
Photosynthesis B
Photosynthesis C
“Cost” to produce 1 glucose molecule
12 NADPH and 18 ATPs are required.
12 NADPH and 30 ATPs are required.
12 NADPH and 39 ATPs are required.
Considering the Table shown above contrasting 3 types of photosynthesis and how much it “costs” each type to produce 1 molecule of glucose, which type represents CAM photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis C
What do land plants primarily want to gain from the surrounding air when their stomata are open?
CO2
