Exam 1 Flashcards
(72 cards)
What is the purpose of the QA program in the lab?
To ensure the quality of a laboratory’s test results
What 3 aspects comprise the QA program? Give an example of each.
- pre-analytical ex. sample collection
- analytical ex. instrument maintenance
- post-analytical ex. critical values
Universal Precautions (UP)
Established in response to HIV/AIDS
Blood/Body fluid precautions
Exempted urine, feces, sputum and vomit from precautions unless blood present
Recommended handwashing after glove removal
Initiated by the CDC
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
Emphasized avoidance of bodily fluid contact regardless of presence or absence of blood
Only recommended handwashing if hands are visibly soiled
Initiated by CDC
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard (BPS)
Main goal to reduce healthcare worker exposure to bloodborne pathogens when caring for patients with known infection
Requires Exposure Control Plan
Initiated by OSHA
Standard Precautions and Transmission Based Precautions
Emphasized prevention of nosocomial infection
Standard precautions refers to ALL body fluid/tissue specimens
Prevent airborne/droplet/contact transmission
Enacted by HICPAC/CDC
T/F: Urine can be discarded down the sink
True
How to properly dispose of urine?
Urine can be dumped down the sink, but the sink must be rinsed after disposal and should be cleaned daily with 0.5% bleach solution
What 5 elements must be included on OSHA chemical labels?
- product name
- signal word (danger)
- hazard statement
- Precautionary statement/pictogram
- supplier identification
What do the colors and numbers on the NFPA hazard identification system indicate?
Blue - health hazard Red - fire hazard Yellow - reactivity hazard White - specific hazard The higher the number, the worse the hazard
2 very important chemical safety tips
- never grasp a reagent bottle by the neck or top
2. ALWAYS add acid to water. NEVER add water to acid
Random Urine Specimen - what is it? pros and cons?
Collected at any time without prior patient prep.
Pros - easy, good for routine screening
Cons - excessive fluid intake/exercise can affect composition of urine and cause inaccurate reflection of patient health
Timed Collection Specimens - what is it? Pros and cons?
Urine collected for a determined amount of time (12 or 24 hour or specific time of day)
Pros: very accurate patient results if rules followed
Cons: must follow strict rules for accurate results
Rules for Timed Collection specimens
Never include first two morning specimens in your collections
Must void all urine before timed specimen begins
Must collect every other void of urine after that during the time frame
Must have adequate volume
First Morning specimen - what is it? Pros and Cons?
Patient voids before going to bed and then collects the specimen first thing in the morning after sleeping
Pros - ideal for substances that require concentrated urine, formed elements are more stable
Cons - high salts can crystalize, not the most convenient
Technique for midstream clean-catch? When would this technique be used?
- clean genitals with wipe - DO NOT touch the inside of the cup
- void first stream of urine into toilet
- midportion of stream goes into collection cup
- remaining urine goes into toilet
This is used for bacterial/fungal cultures.
Collection technique for a catheterized specimen? When is this used?
Requires medical personnel - Insertion of sterile catheter through urethra into the bladder, urine flows from bladder into catheter and into a bag
Used for bacterial cultures
Collection technique for suprapubic aspiration? When is it used?
Requires medical personnel - urine collected by puncturing abdominal wall and distended bladder using a needle and syringe
Used for bacterial culture, specifically anaerobic organisms
Collection techniques for pediatric collections? When is it used?
This is used for patients who cannot voluntarily urinate
Plastic urine collection bags with skin adhesive are put onto genitals.
Used for routine screening
Reasons for urinalysis specimen rejection
Unlabeled/Mislabeled Incorrect/no preservation Insufficient Volume Contamination Inappropriate collection technique used
How much volume is required for routine urinalysis?
10-15 mL
How much volume is required for 24-hour-collection specimens?
only 1 mL of well mixed urine despite the large collection volume
Valid 24hr urine collection containers - what must they look like
Must have a capacity of 3000 mL
Must be wide-mouth
Must be brown, opaque, plastic to protect from light
Valid urine collection bag
Clear, polyethylene
Can be sterile or nonsterile
Self-sealing
