Exam 1 Flashcards
(49 cards)
What do the colors in the safety diamond mean
blue-health
red-flammability
yellow-reactivity
white-specific
What are the 3 types of urine specimen
first morning
random
Times
What are the pros and cons of first morning specimen
good for testing things that need to be in high concentration to be detected like formed elements
high concentrated salt can crystallize, not the most convenientq for patient
What are the pros and cons of random urine specimen
pro: easy, good for routine, good for cytology
con: may not be so accurate, exercise and fluid intake affect results
What are the pros and cons of timed specimen
common errors
needs strict timing
24hrs can reveal a lot, good for albumin to creatinine ratio
What physical changes can occur if you don’t preserve urine correctly
color darkens, clarity decreases, odor increases
What are the microscopic changes that could occur if you don’t preserve urine
blood cells, casts and trichomonads all decrease
bacteria increases
What are the chemical changes that can occur if urine is unpreserved
pH and nitrite increase
glucose, ketones, bilirubin and urobilinogen decrease
How should urine be preserved
refrigerated
brought back to room temp to be tested
Which preservative is good for sediment preservation
thymol
Which preservative is good for cytology testing
formalin
which preservative is used for analysis of steroids and hormones
Acids
Which preservative is used for analysis of prophyrins
sodium carbonate
How to determine that something is actually urine
pH- 4-8
specific gravity 1.002-1.0035
mostly high creatinine concentration 50x the plasma
What are the 2 distinct areas within the kidney, what structure surround it
cortex- outer
medulla-inner (contain papilla)–> contain minor and major calyces
fibrous capsule
Which structure is funnel shaped, has indented region and narrows to join the ureter
renal pelvis
What is the function of each calyx, how many are there
12 minor, 3 major
act as funnel to receive urine from collecting ducts onto renal pelvis
Describe the flow of urine
nephron-> minor-> major-> renal pelvis-> ureters-> bladder-> urethra->out of body
Where is the last place urine is altered
the minor and major calyces
Which structure of the nephron is a capillary tuft surrounded by a thin epithelial layer of cells, what is the layer called?
tuft-glomerulus
layer-bowmans capsule
The bowmans capsule is the originating end of a ___
renal tubule
What kidney structure collects initial ultrafiltrate
bowmans capsule
Which structure of the kidney has thin and thick descending and ascending limbs that have a hairpin turn,
loop of henle
Which nephron structure has a straight distal tubule that enters back into the cortex
distal convulted tubule
