Exam 1

Question 1

definition of lifespan development

Answer 1

tracing physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and cognitive development from birth to death

Question 2

psychosocial theory of development

Answer 2

needs of the individual vs. conflicting needs of society

Question 3

stage from infancy-1 year where infants develop a basic sense of trust; stage 1

Answer 3

trust vs mistrust

Question 4

stage in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt

Answer 4

autonomy vs shame/doubt

Question 5

third stage in which the child finds independence in planning, playing and other activities

Answer 5

initiative vs guilt

Question 6

stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child learns to be productive

Answer 6

industry vs inferiority

Question 7

stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves

Answer 7

identity vs role confusion

Question 8

number of years since birth

Answer 8

chronological age

Question 9

state of the body and how it looks on the inside

Answer 9

biological age

Question 10

how old I think I am and how old I act

Answer 10

psychological age

Question 11

expectations for certain ages and accomplishments

Answer 11

social age

Question 12

development is

Answer 12

lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, and multicontextual

Question 13

hypothesis

Answer 13

a specific assumption or prediction that can be tested to determine its accuracy

Question 14

choas

Answer 14

anything that’s not a pattern

Question 15

freud

Answer 15

behavior is primarily unconscious; colored by emotions; a surface characteristic with a symbolic meaning; and shaped by early experiences

Question 16

ego

Answer 16

the largely conscious “executive” part of the personality that referees between the superego and the id

Question 17

superego

Answer 17

the part of the brain that stores all the rules. if not satisfied immediately, will cause a breakdown

Question 18

defense mechanisms

Answer 18

the ego’s way of tricking the id and the superego into thinking they are both being satisfied

Question 19

id

Answer 19

the part of the brain that seeks immediate pleasure in all circumstances

Question 20

erik erikson

Answer 20

father of developmental theory; psychosocial theory of development

Question 21

intimacy vs isolation

Answer 21

stage in which individuals form deeply person relationships, marry, begin families

Question 22

generativity vs stagnation

Answer 22

stage in which middle-aged people being to devote themselves more to fulfilling one’s potential and doing public service

Question 23

integrity vs despair

Answer 23

final stage in which those near the end of life look back and evaluate their lives

Question 24

genotype

Answer 24

complete set of genetic traits

Question 25

phenotype

Answer 25

expression of traits

Question 26

range of reaction

Answer 26

genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall

Question 27

passive correlation

Answer 27

child has no control over its environment

Question 28

evocative correlation

Answer 28

children evoke responses that are influenced by the child's heredity, and these responses strengthen the child's original style

Question 29

active correlation

Answer 29

children actively seek environments that fit with their genetic tendencies

Question 30

cephalocaudal growth

Answer 30

head to toe growth

Question 31

proximodistal growth

Answer 31

center to extremities growth

Question 32

temperament

Answer 32

a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 33

emotionality

Answer 33

strength of emotional response

Question 34

activity

Answer 34

tempo and vigor of physical activity

Question 35

sociability

Answer 35

preference for being with others

Question 36

goodness of fit

Answer 36

the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with

Question 37

we are born with

Answer 37

basic emotions and basic reflexes

Question 38

schema

Answer 38

a concept of framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 39

assimilation

Answer 39

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 40

accomodation

Answer 40

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

Question 41

sensorimotor thinking

Answer 41

age range: infancy (birth-2) basic idea: infants begin coordinating sensory thinking and motor reactions

Question 42

primary circular reactions

Answer 42

sensation > schema

Question 43

secondary circular reactions

Answer 43

intentional repetition

Question 44

coordination of secondary circular reactions

Answer 44

intentional combination of schemas

Question 45

tertiary circular reactions

Answer 45

trial and error experiments

Question 46

using symbols

Answer 46

language

Question 47

proximity & contact seeking

Answer 47

reaching, approaching, calling; secure attachment

Question 48

contact maintaining

Answer 48

touching, snuggling, holding

Question 49

avoidance of proximity & contact

Answer 49

unsecure attachment

Question 50

resistance to contact & comforting

Answer 50

unsecure, inconsistent attachment

Question 51

self-awareness

Answer 51

3 months; I am separate from my environment

Question 52

self-recognition

Answer 52

I can identify myself in the mirror

Question 53

categorical self

Answer 53

i am in a certain category (gender & age)

Question 54

self-concept

Answer 54

i can describe myself and begin to develop an idea of who I am (thoughts, feelings, characteristics)

Question 55

self-regulation and self-control

Answer 55

child learns emotional competence and how to delay gratification in phases

Question 56

zygote

Answer 56

fertilized egg; contains 46 chromosomes

Question 57

stage 1 of l&d

Answer 57

dilation and effacement

Question 58

stage 2 of l&d

Answer 58

head moves through birth canal and emerges from mother's body

Question 59

stage 3 of l&d

Answer 59

placenta delivery