Exam 2

Question 1

fine motor skills

Answer 1

writing; detailed movements

Question 2

gross motor skills

Answer 2

big movements

Question 3

avg growth per year (preschool)

Answer 3

2-3 inches; 5 lbs

Question 4

avg 6 year old

Answer 4

weighs 45 lbs; 46 inches tall

Question 5

physical benchmarks of preschoolers

Answer 5

increased control of hands and fingers; lacing shoes; kicks/bounces/catches a ball; cuts with scissors; jumps/hops/skips

Question 6

preschooler awareness of self and others

Answer 6

pretend play, develops friendships, displays independence, shares, respects others’ things

Question 7

basic virtue is purpose; important events are exploration and play; asserting power and control through directing play and order

Answer 7

initiative vs guilt

Question 8

interactions with others

Answer 8

solitary, onlooker, parallel, cooperative, sociodramatic, imaginary friends

Question 9

playing by oneself

Answer 9

solitary interaction

Question 10

watching others play

Answer 10

onlooker interaction

Question 11

playing alongside other children, but doing their own thing

Answer 11

parallel interaction

Question 12

playing with others

Answer 12

cooperative interaction

Question 13

pretend play (the most important)

Answer 13

sociodramatic interaction

Question 14

improvement of motor manipulation and strength; develops spacial thinking and reasoning; encourages creative thinking and imagination; develops problem-solving skills

Answer 14

play helps children develop

Question 15

curiosity; cause and effect experimentation; letters and numbers recognition; awareness of time; hands-on learning; increased memory skills; dominant hand preference

Answer 15

preschool thinking and learning

Question 16

infers from one specific to another specific

Answer 16

transductive thought

Question 17

egocentrism

Answer 17

it’s all about me

Question 18

centration

Answer 18

the ability to focus, but not multitask

Question 19

animism

Answer 19

nature is alive and controllable

Question 20

irreversibility

Answer 20

things can only be done one way

Question 21

piaget’s preoperational thinking

Answer 21

transductive thought; egocentrism; centration; animism; irreversibility, ages 2-5/6

Question 22

habituation

Answer 22

stimuli loses is effect and attention is lost

Question 23

dishabituation

Answer 23

change in stimuli to regain and keep attention

Question 24

preschool attention span

Answer 24

very short; habituation vs dishabituation

Question 25

reinforcement and punishment

Answer 25

behaviors are affected by their consequences

Question 26

observation and imitation

Answer 26

older children learn by observing others

Question 27

asks why/who/how come; rapidly expanding vocab; story-telling; name writing; improving listening skills; verbal conflict resolution

Answer 27

preschooler communication

Question 28

gender identity

Answer 28

i am a boy or girl

Question 29

gender constancy

Answer 29

i am and always will be a boy or girl (develops around age 4 and 5)

Question 30

physical development of school-aged children

Answer 30

steady; 3-5inches per year; 5-8pounds per year; increased strength and agility

Question 31

rapid growth and weight gain

Answer 31

girls 9 years old

Question 32

critical fat hypothesis

Answer 32

when a girl has enough fat (body weight and % of body fat), the hormone Leptin travels to the brain and begins the process of puberty

Question 33

operational thinking; loss of concentration & egocentrism; inductive logic; perspective taking self-concept; self-esteem

Answer 33

industry vs inferiority

Question 34

self-concept

Answer 34

set of personal attributes

Question 35

self-esteem

Answer 35

how I feel about my personal attributes

Question 36

obesity affects

Answer 36

124 million kids

Question 37

bad feelings & anxiety about body inadequacy and judging physical appearance as more important than intelligence, compassion, or emotional well-being

Answer 37

body distortion

Question 38

body dissatisfaction in 3-5yr olds

Answer 38

2/3 of average weight girls

Question 39

body dissatisfaction in 6-12yr olds

Answer 39

80% of girls and 50% of boys

Question 40

reported appearance-related teasing by a parent

Answer 40

23% of participants

Question 41

effects of parental teasing

Answer 41

body dissatisfaction, bulimic behaviors, depression, low self-esteem, eating disorders

Question 42

most important qualities in elementary-aged friendships

Answer 42

loyalty and honesty

Question 43

crowd

Answer 43

group of people together

Question 44

clique

Answer 44

subgroup of 3-7 closer friends

Question 45

popular peer status

Answer 45

knows everyone and has good social skills

Question 46

neglected peer status

Answer 46

forgotten

Question 47

rejected peer status

Answer 47

actively pushed out

Question 48

controversial peer status

Answer 48

friends to stay on the good side

Question 49

average peer status

Answer 49

has friends and cliques (most common - 80%)

Question 50

boys' aggression

Answer 50

physically aggressive and then let it go and make up

Question 51

girls' aggression

Answer 51

turn on friends and spread rumors; hold grudges for a long time

Question 52

effects of having friends

Answer 52

higher self-esteem; engagement in prosocial behavior; greater feelings of self worth