Exam 1

Question 1

1

What is a microbe?

Question 2

Who developed the earliest immunizations and what diseases were they for?

Question 3

What historical person and intervention contributed most famously to modern day understanding of sanitation to reduce pathogenic bacterial transmission in clinical settings?

Question 4

What do Koch’s Postulates state, and why is each postulate important?

Question 5

What key principles make light microscopy effective and which methods in microscopy use interference?

Question 6

Problem-solve a microscopy experiment: given cells with features you hypothesize to be present, but cannot see, choose an alternate microscopy approach.

Question 7

What are the size ranges of major groups of microbes and how does the wavelength of visible light limit our ability to see some of them?

Question 8

What are the terms for organismal classification based on biomass and carbon acquisition?

Question 9

What is the formula for log growth and how is it used to calculate the starting and final numbers of cells, relative to the number of generations under log growth?

Question 10

What are the terms for all the different kinds of extremophiles and what features of prokaryote membranes have to be different for survival in some extreme habitats?

Question 11

Which widespread structures and processes contribute to energy storage in bacteria?
How are Gram-negative and Gram-positive cells different?

Question 12

Given images of peptidoglycan, name the key components.

Question 13

What is LPS and what is it made of?

Question 14

How do topoisomerases work and under what conditions, and how are the classes of topoisomerases distinguished mechanistically?

Question 15

What are the common types of mutations, their major causes, and what types of repair do cells use to correct them?

Question 16

What mechanisms do bacteria have for defense against invading DNA and how do these mechanisms work?

Question 17

What are the types of DNA transfer among bacteria and what features distinguish these different types of transfer?

Question 18

What is recombination and how is initiated and when, and why?

Question 19

What central processes are coupled in bacterial cells but not eukaryote cells?

Question 20

What types of transport occur in bacteria, how are they similar/different, and which ones require energy?

Question 21

How do bacteria with flagella move?

Question 22

What are the different enzymes/proteins involved in DNA replication and what do they do?

Question 23

What are the different enzymes/proteins involved in transcription and what do they do?

Question 24

What are the different enzymes/proteins involved in translation and what do they do?

Question 25

Which antibiotics interfere with transcription?

Question 26

What types of RNAs play important roles in key processes in the cell?