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Intro to Comm Disorder > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The exchange of meaning between a sender and receiver

A

Communication

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2
Q

A code, which includes words and sentences used to convey ideas and feelings (spoken language, written language, sign language)

A

Language

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3
Q

Programmed movements of the oral cavity to form a sequence of sound that represents words, phrases, and sentences. How you form sound

A

Speech

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4
Q

Describes how a child is presented or born with a disorder

A

Congenital disorder

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5
Q

Describes how a child acquired a disorder after birth.

A

Acquired disorder

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6
Q

Getting into a car accident you may acquire a traumatic brain injury

A

Acquired disorder

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7
Q

Getting meningitis as a young child, resulting in becoming deaf

A

Acquired disorder

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8
Q

A loss or abnormality of a physiological, physchological or anatomic structure or function

A

Impairment

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9
Q

Loss of hearing-when a person may not be able to hear well is an example of

A

Impairment

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10
Q

A reduced incompetence in meeting daily living needs

A

disability

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11
Q

If an impairment is so big, they cant function daily

A

disability

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12
Q

a disorder that interferes with the exchange of meaning.

A

communication disorder

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13
Q

when a person has different language rules from other people

A

communication difference

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14
Q

a respectful way to address a person

A

first person language

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15
Q

you address the person first, then the disorder

A

first person language

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16
Q

“A girl with dyslexia” instead of “a dyslexic girl”

A

first person language

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17
Q

disorders with a physical cause. Example patients with stroke or cleft palate

A

Organic Disorders

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18
Q

disorders with no physical cause or reason. Example patients with stutter but cant identify why they are stuttering, it is considered a

A

Functional Disorders

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19
Q

disorders that appear as a person develops or grows up, like dyslexia.

A

Developmental Disorders

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20
Q

disorders that are acquired after birth due to something traumatic

A

Acquired Disorders

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21
Q

children with difficulty with motor production of speech sounds

A

Speech Sound Disorders (SSD)

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22
Q

usually involves interruptions in the flow of speaking that involves smoothness, rate and effort. example stuttering

A

Fluency Disorders

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23
Q

when a individual uses inappropriate voice quality pitch or loudness compared to others of his own age, gender, cultural background, or geographic location

A

Voice Disorders

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24
Q

abnormality in the vocal fold vibration.

A

Phonatory disorders

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25
Q

If you are screaming for a long period of time, your vocal fold can get inflamed or swollen and will not close well, resulting in no voice. Seen lots of times with signers

A

Phonatory disorders

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26
Q

problems in the back between the nose and the mouth

A

Resonance disorders

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27
Q

Problems with your voice as a result of physiological stress, like yelling

A

Psychogenic voice disorder

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28
Q

when people have trouble using words.

A

language Disorders

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29
Q

two types of language disorders:

A

Receptive and expressive

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30
Q

results from a pathological deterioration of the brain that progresses and worsens over time.

A

Dementia

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31
Q

A deficiency in the ability to detect sound

A

Hearing Disorders

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32
Q

due to the fluid in the middle ear, typically can be fixed with antibiotic medicine

A

Conductive Hearing Loss

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33
Q

disfunction of the cochlear in the ear, typically will need hearing aids

A

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

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34
Q

combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

A

Mixed Hearing Loss

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35
Q

does labs, conduct research, but does not work with clients-ONLY DOES RESEARCH

A

Speech Language and Hearing Scientist

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36
Q

2 types of speech pathologist:

A

Assistant /master’s level

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37
Q

to be a SLP assistant you must have:

A

bachelors

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38
Q

to be a SLP you must have:

A

masters level and fully certified

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39
Q

study, asses, and treat individuals who have hearing impairments. Most work at hearing aid centers

A

Audiologists

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40
Q

national organization for speech pathologist

A

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

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41
Q

organization for audiologist

A

American Academy of Audiology (triple A)

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42
Q

Two ways in which induvial professionals are regulated.

A

licensure and certification

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43
Q

in the state of Texas, you do a background check, transcript sent over, fingerprint.

A

Licensure

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44
Q

need masters and will be supervised

A

Certification

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45
Q

Needed to finally be on your own! Have to have 9 months full time experience and pass exam.

A

Certificate of Clinical Competence

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46
Q

guide what you should be doing ‘code of ethics’ helps decide what is the right thing to do in a situation.

A

Ethics

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47
Q

Nervous System is divided into 2 systems

A

Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system

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48
Q

includes the brain and the spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

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49
Q

includes the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system

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50
Q

The nervous system has billions of _____. they differ in size, shape, and what they do. The basic unit of the nervous system.

A

neuron

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51
Q

smaller, short, lots of them, bring the information into the cell body by making contact with other cells.

A

Dendrites

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52
Q

controlling station

A

Nucleus

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53
Q

cell body

A

soma

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54
Q

sends information out to other cells

A

axon

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55
Q

found on the axon. Covers the entire axon helps transmit impulses

A

Myelin sheaths

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56
Q

sensory that sends information from the body, into the brain

A

Afferent

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57
Q

motor that sends information from the brain to the body

A

Efferent

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58
Q

chemical messengers of the nervous system

A

Neurotransmitters

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59
Q

process of firing neurotransmitters from the end of the axon over the dendrites of another neuron

A

Synapse

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60
Q

area at the end of the axon, that carries the neurotransmitters

A

Presynaptic area

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61
Q

the space between the presynaptic area and the postsynaptic area.

A

Synaptic Cleft

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62
Q

area on the dendrite, that receive information

A

Post synaptic area

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63
Q

includes the cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

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64
Q

made up of two hemispheres. Each hemisphere has four lobes

A

cerebrum

65
Q

motor planning and execution

A

Frontal

66
Q

sensory and spatial processing

A

parietal

67
Q

auditory processes

A

Temporal

68
Q

visual processing

A

Occipital

69
Q

a series of connecting pathways between both hemispheres.

A

Corpus Callosum

70
Q

Fissures are major landmarks that divide the brain.

A

Major Fissures

71
Q

separates or divides the frontal and parental lobes from the temporal lobes.

A

Lateral fissure/Sylvian Fissure-

72
Q

which separates or divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.

A

Central Fissure/Central Sulcus/Rolandic Fissure-

73
Q

within the cerebrum, we have _________ processing happening.

A

Sensory and Motor processing

74
Q

lies at the base of the brain(bottom), have all kinds of afferent/efferent information going to and from the brain (example temperature and pain

A

brainstem

75
Q

lies at the bottom of the brain, but behind the brain. Helps with balance and coordination

A

Cerebellum

76
Q

Spinal Cord
involves the

A

cervical(7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
sacral(5)
coccygeal

77
Q

come from the cerebrum and brain stem. Sensory and or motor functions

A

cranial nerves

78
Q

come from the spinal cord. Sensory and or motor functions

A

spinal nerves

79
Q

in charge of speech and language

A

The left hemisphere

80
Q

in charge of wholelistic processing, face recognition, comprehension and music

A

right hemisphere

81
Q

numbers different parts of the brain and list what they are in charge of.

A

Brodmann’s numbering system

82
Q

Numbering system corresponds with the brain and functions

A

Brodmann’s numbering system

83
Q

anterior to the central Sulcus. In charge of motor functions for the opposite side of the body INITIATES MOTOR MOVEMENT

A

Precentral gyrus

84
Q

posterior to the central Sulcus. In charge of sensory information on the opposite side of the body

A

Postcentral gyrus

85
Q

If a stoke happens and the right side is paralyzed, this means the stoke happened on the ______ gyrus

A

left precentral gyrus

86
Q

in between the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus is

A

the central fissure

87
Q

Located in the frontal lobe. In charge of planning and carrying out speech movements.

A

Broca’s area/Frontal Lobe(BRODMANNS #44)

88
Q

(BRODMANNS #44)-

A

Broca’s area

89
Q

If a stoke happens in this area= speech delays or difficultly in speaking, but comprehension is good, which means you are able to understand what someone is saying.

A

brocas area

90
Q

located in the temporal lobe. In charge of understanding speech.

A

Wernicke’s area/Temporal lobe(BRODMANNS#22)

91
Q

If a stroke in this area= not be able to understand speech, but speech is good!

A

wernickes area

92
Q

(BRODMANNS#22)

A

Wernicke’s area

93
Q

connects the Wernicke’s area with the bocas area. Helps them to communicate

A

Arcuate Fasciculus

94
Q

direct pathway from the cerebrum to the peripheral nerves. Originates in the precentral gyrus.

A

pyramidal

95
Q

indirect pathways from the cerebrum to peripheral nerves

A

Extrapyramidal

96
Q

when fibers or pathways cross from one side of the body to the other.

A

Decussion

97
Q

producing the sounds and sound sequences of their language

A

Phonetics

98
Q

with understanding and implementing the underlying rules for producing sounds and sequences

A

Phonology

99
Q

What is the velopharyngeal closure

A

Velopharyngeal closure takes place during speech production and necessary for the pharynx to close.

100
Q

velopharyngeal closure steps:

A
  1. the posterior pharyngeal wall has to move anteriorly
    2.the lateral pharyngeal wall will have to move medially.
    3.the soft palate has to move posteriorly and superiorly.
101
Q

the major structures of the respiratory system

A

The major structures of the respiratory system are the trachea, the bronchus, the lungs, and the diaphragm

102
Q

major structures of the resonation system?

A

pharynx

103
Q

major structures of the articulatory system

A

the oral cavity.

104
Q

major structures of the phonation system

A

larynx

105
Q

What are some common speech disorders in children or adults?

A

cleft palate and cerebral palsy. Also, speech sounds disorders which can include lisps, and fluency disorders, which can include speech stutters.

106
Q

how to differentiate between a communication disorder and a communication difference

A

look into the persons background

107
Q

the differences between certification and licensure?

A

A licensure is given by the state, while a certification is giving by American- Speech- Language- Hearing Association (ASHA)

108
Q

3 Major subsystems involved in producing speech:

A

the respiratory system,
the phonatory system,
the articulatory system

109
Q

Consonants are described by:

A

Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Voicing

110
Q

when a person is behind schedule, but shows normal behavior for his age

A

Delay

111
Q

when a person has difficulties and shows behaviors that are not normal for their age group.

A

Speech disorder

112
Q

Severity related to:

A

The accuracy of production
Number of sounds produced accurately
Ability to produce sounds accurately in different word positions
The ability to produce sound sequences

113
Q

Severity Levels:

A

mild, moderate, severe

114
Q

if the child speaks the way he speaks in his neighborhood; look into his environment

A

Dialect

115
Q

what caused a disorder

A

Etiology

116
Q

when you can’t identify something physically wrong.

A

functional

117
Q

when you are able to identify something physically wrong

A

organic

118
Q

ability to take in information

A

Perceptual/Input related

119
Q

something physically wrong, like a cleft palate

A

Structural

120
Q

information carrying out of the body. If something is wrong with muscles or physical movement

A

Motor/output-related

121
Q

A person may have speech sound disorders and other types of disorders as well. Seen in many patients with autism.

A

co-occurrence

122
Q

determine the type and severity if the disorder or the delay (is it mild? What type of disorder? Delayed or disorder?)

A

Goals

123
Q

Procedures/Materials for assessment:

A

the child’s suspected or diagnosed etiology,
chronological and developmental age,
the primary language spoken

124
Q

as you prepare your materials, you need to look at these to make sure you have the correct information. Know their age group to avoid making any mistakes

A

preparing materials

125
Q

Using the information gathered:

A

To analyze (what are they doing?)
To understand patterns (child’s productions and comparison population)
Decisions about treatment/therapy

126
Q

gather a sample of the patient’s speech. Need to collect a REPRESENTATION speech sample! Meaning a sample of how he normally talks. Do this by asking questions, creating a safe environment, play with toys.

A

speech samples

127
Q

Creating a list of what he can and cant do. “he said ____ instead of ____”

A

Inventory of speech sounds.

128
Q

a child may be better in some areas, not just in single words assessments)

A

Several Measures of Assessment

129
Q

Analyzing a single word

A

Articulation Tests

130
Q

“has problems with fricatives”. You want to listen and write down all his speech patterns

A

Describe speech behaviors

131
Q

look at his age group and compare

A

SLP compares child’s inventory to chronological age.

132
Q

try to determine what is causing this problem

A

Etiology

133
Q

Analyzing speech

A

Describe speech behaviors
SLP compares child’s inventory to chronological age.
Etiology
Address Respiration, Phonation, Resonation, Articulation.
Describing SODA:

134
Q

producing one sound for another (wabbit for rabbit

A

Substitutions

135
Q

leaves off sound or omits it (do for Dog)

A

ommisions

136
Q

kind of making the sound, but distorting it(sue for shoe)

A

distortions

137
Q

adds a sound (doga for dog)

A

addition

138
Q

taking a look inside the patient’s mouth and making sure everything is okay. Looking to see if something is physically wrong. Take a look at the face, eyes, teeth

A

Oral Peripheral Exam

139
Q

if a person fails a hearing test, we want to know is it an ear infection or are they not able to hear language

A

A hearing test

140
Q

Other tests

A

checking for stutters, language, grammar, voice problems

141
Q

looking to see if a child needs therapy

A

Treatment/Intervention

142
Q

Goals of Treatment/Intervention

A

Chronological Age
Intelligibility

143
Q

do they talk like somebody their age

A

Chronological Age

144
Q

are they able to be understood by others

A

intelligibility

145
Q

works with babies between 0-3 years old. With NICU babies and home visits

A

Early intervention programs

146
Q

works with 4 year olds- seniors

A

In public school educational settings

147
Q

Work in the NICU and patients who have had strokes, car accidents, or induvial at the hospital who need speech or eating help

A

Hospitals

148
Q

therapy for 30 minutes, open to the community

A

Community clinics

149
Q

three possible etiological categories for articulation disorders?

A

perceptual etiology, structural etiology, and motor etiology.

150
Q

when a child has difficulty with speech production or producing speech.

A

Articulation Disorder

151
Q

The way sound is produced.

A

Articulation.

152
Q

The way a child speaks, which helps determine whether or not a child will need therapy.

A

Intelligibility

153
Q

The smallest unit of sound that create meaning.

A

Phoneme

154
Q

The rules used for combining sounds to form words.

A

Phonology

155
Q

A test used for analyzing single words which focus on initial, medial, and final positions to see where a child stands within their speech production.

A

Single Word Articulation Test

156
Q

A sample taken by speech language pathologist, which allows for a better understanding of how a child talks and what they need help with

A

Spontaneous Speech and Language Sample

157
Q

When a person shows a delay or falls behind in speech production, but usually show normal behaviors.

A

Speech Delay

158
Q

when a person shows difficultly with speech production, but usually show behaviors that are not normal.

A

Speech Disorder

Intro to Comm Disorder (3 decks)

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