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A&P For SLP > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Thalamus

A

Paired structure composed of two egg shaped nuclei. It’s separated from the Basal Ganglia by the internal capsule.

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2
Q

Reticular Activating System

A

The thalamus alerts the brain to incoming stimuli, like an early warning system

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3
Q

Final Common Relay

A

All incoming sensory information has to go through the thalamus

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4
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the functions or vital processes of an organism

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5
Q

Cerebral Dominance

A

The control of certain forms of learned behavior are localized or predominately found in one cerebral hemisphere, or in one side of the brain, or the other

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6
Q

Projection Fibers/Tracts

A

Convey impulses to and from the cerebral cortex and more remote regions of the CNS

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7
Q

Association Fibers/Tracts

A

Interconnects different regions in the same hemisphere

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8
Q

Commissural Fibers/Tracts

A

Connect an area of one cerebral hemisphere to the corresponding area in the other cerebral hemisphere

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9
Q

Connection Fibers/Tracts

A

Primary subcortical structures. Allows the area of the brain to communicate

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10
Q

Short Association Fibers/Tracts

A

Connect contiguous gyri

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11
Q

Long Association Fibers/Tracts

A

Connect more distant area within the same hemisphere

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12
Q

Gray Matter

A

Composed of cell bodies

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13
Q

Excitatory Impulse/Effect

A

Increase in stimulation. Neural impulses travel quicker, respond faster and stronger

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14
Q

Central Nervous System Function and Major Structures

A

All sensory information is flowing towards and where all motor information in transmitted out from. Brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

Arcuate Fasciculus

A

Connects speech production in the frontal lobe to the speech understanding are of the temporal lobe

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16
Q

uncinate fasciculus

A

Connects frontal and temporal lobes

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17
Q

cingulum

A

Connects the frontal and parietal lobes to the temporal lobe

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18
Q

Nerves

A

bundles or chains of neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System

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19
Q

Tracts

A

Bundles or chains of neurons in the Central Nervous System

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20
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Involved in the production of observable events and the environmental changes

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21
Q

Motor Component

A

Concerned with execution of bodily functions under voluntary control

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22
Q

Sensory Component

A

Receives feedback from skeletal muscles, responsible for environmental perception, and concerned with other non visceral components

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23
Q

Pyramidal Function Division

A

Responsible for initiation of voluntary motor acts

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24
Q

Extrapyramidal Division

Study These Flashcards
A

Responsible for background tone and movement supporting the primary motor act

25
Afferent
Moving towards
26
Primary Functions of Nervous System
1. Reception of sensory input from the internal and external environments 2. Transmission of motor outputs that govern muscular and glandular activity 3. Integration and exchange of information so that the various structures and parts of the body are regulated in a coordinated manner
27
Myelin
Covers axons, a fatty substance
28
Oligodendrocytes
Make up the myelin in Central Nervous System, also a type of macroglial cell
29
Neurolemmal Cells
Non nervous cells that make up the myelin in the Peripheral Nervous System
30
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps in the myelin sheath. Impulses jump from one to the next, causes impulses to travel quicker and more precise
31
What Makes up the Basal Ganglia
Made up of caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus (make up of putamen and globus pallidus), claustrum, and amygdaloid body
32
Basal Ganglia Main Function
Helps refine movement, or it sequences and coordinates movement and also boosts and suppresses interfering movements
33
Basal Ganglia 4 Primary Functions
1. Regulates muscle tone that supports the primary movement 2. Controls postural adjustments during skilled movements 3. Adjusts movement to the environment 4. Allows us to learn new movements
34
Fissures
Deep Sulci
35
Sulci
folds or grooves on the cortex
36
Gyri
Hills on the cortex
37
Premotor cortex
Brodmann's Area 6. Responsible for complex skilled movements, like hand eye coordination and finger movement
38
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for the planning and initiation of movements and behaviors
39
Wernicke's Area
Brodmann's Area 22. Responsible for the comprehension of verbal language, the analysis and elaboration of speech sounds, and verbal memory
40
Occipital Lobe
Responsible for recognition, reception, and interpretation of visual stimuli
41
Postcentral Gyrus
Brodmann's area 1-3. Plays a significant role in receiving and interpreting sensory information from the opposite side of the body. Responsible for pain, temperature, pressure, and touch
42
Precentral Gyrus
Brodmann's Area 4. Responsible for activating and controlling the muscles on the opposite side of the body
43
Broca's Area
Brodmann's Area 44. Controls the lip, jaw, tongue, and vocal fold movements. More specifically, planning and coordinating movement.
44
Longitudinal Fissure
Separates the two cerebral hemispheres
45
Temporal Lobe
Auditory reception and receptive language processing
46
Heschl's Gyrus
Brodmann's area 41. Auditory reception and processing
47
Prefrontal Cortex
Brodmann's area 10-12. Anatomical area of intelligence. Reasoning, abstract thinking, self monitoring, planning, decision making, pragmatics
48
Angular Gyrus
Brodmann's area 39. Responsible for the comprehension of written material
49
Peripheral Nervous System Function and Structures
12 pair of cranial nerves and 31 pair of spinal nerves. Conducts sensory information to the CNS and motor information away to rest of body.
50
White Matter
Composed of myelinated processes, like axons
51
Contralateral Function
Each side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body
52
Decussation
crossing over
53
Hypothalamus
Deep to the thalamus, control center for autonomic nervous system and an important crossroads for limbic system, provides organization for limbic system
54
Hypothalamus with Limbic System
Regulates body functions like body temperature, wakefulness, and regulates desire
55
Inhibitory Impulse/Effect
Decrease in stimulation, Impulse crosses cleft slower, postsynaptic structure responds slower, and response is dull or muted
56
Internal Capsule
Separates the basal ganglia and thalamus. Corona radiata narrows into it. Also where nuclei send out tracts that connect to cortex
57
Anatomy
The study of the structures of an organism and the relationship of its parts
58
Efferent
Moving away
59
Reasons why SLPs need to know Anatomy and Physiology
1. Communication is a complex process and can only be fully understood and appreciated by an understanding of normal anatomy and physiology 2. In order to provide services to whose with atypical communication 3. It facilitates communication among professionals

A&P For SLP (17 decks)

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