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Anth 200 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

anthropology

A

the study of people, past and present

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2
Q

enculturation

A

the process by which human infants learn their culture

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3
Q

Explicit culture

A

culture that people talk about and are aware of

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4
Q

tacit culture

A

knowledge people usually are aware of, but less likely to explain the “why”

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5
Q

cultural relativism

A

cultural traits are best understood when viewed within context

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6
Q

ethnocentrism

A

using the practices and beliefs of your own culture to assess how other cultures measure up

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7
Q

eurocentrism

A

the idea that western cultural ways are superior and the center/starting point

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8
Q

intercultural sensitivity

A

the idea that cultural understanding and the loss of ethnocentrism is a process

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9
Q

cultural humility

A

openness to “other”

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10
Q

Globalization

A

flows of people, ideas, culture, and knowledge between countries

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11
Q

When do scholars argue globalization began

A

1970s or 1980s

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12
Q

what is the foundation of globalization

A

colonization

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13
Q

Public corporations are

A

when investors can buy and sell stocks in the company

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14
Q

private corporations are

A

when corporations close off investments to the public

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15
Q

Maquilapolis - Why are the factories in mexico?

A

foreign countries go there for tax breaks and cheap labor

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16
Q

Cultural agency

A

to ability of a person to reflect on cultural practices

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17
Q

what are two examples of cultural agency

A

suffragettes & civil rights movement

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18
Q

individualistic societies

A

individual needs and wants are prioritized above those of the community

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19
Q

collectivist societies

A

needs of the community are above those of the individual

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20
Q

remittances

A

money earned in another country and sent home

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21
Q

intersectionality

A

when components of identity intersect to situate individuals within hierarchies

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22
Q

what are labor unions

A

a group made of workers that protect workers rights through contracts with the employer

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23
Q

what do labor unions usually ensure

A

decent working conditions, living wages, and employee benefits

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24
Q

what is happening to labor unions in the US in recent years

A

they are losing power due to policy and legal shifts

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25
what is the "race to the bottom"
competition between countries to attract industry by limiting laws, ensuring cheap labor, and limiting environmental regulation
26
outsourcing
when one company hires another to perform pervce - aka contracting
27
offshoring
moving activity to another country - ex. clothing
28
why do europeans prefer filipinas as domestic workers
stereotypes - educated and catholic - can be trusted
29
what is a care chain
passing care for children and others to a less privileged woman, usually between countries
30
why does the philippines want migration to be temporary?
becomes once they become permanent residents, the would no longers send remittances, and no longer provide income to the philippines
31
labor migration
working going to another country, continuously increasing
32
Who are labor migrants usually?
those who have some resources to begin with to pay for travel costs
33
transnational migration
people that maintain a tie with their home country in some way
34
how important are remittances ?
extremely, they do more to alleviate poverty than official aid
35
how are remittances sent home?
through banks and money transfer services, cash, or through gifts
36
what are remittances mainly used for?
household and basic necessities
37
production
goods obtained from the natural environment and altered to become consumables for society
38
distribution
the rules adopted by society regarding resources, such as access and division of goods
39
what are the two models of distribution
reciprocity and redistribution
40
reciprocity
an exchange of goods (trade)
41
redistribution
goods flow to a central point and are then shared out among members
42
what are the examples of production in smaller scale societies?
pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture
43
pastoralism
a nomadic people that practice animal husbandry - raising animals for milk, meat, or bloods
44
horticulture
small scale crop cultivation with simple technology; no irrigation
45
what are the other names for horticulture
slash-and-burn & swidden
46
what is the cycle used in horticulture
a cycle of burning, clearing, and moving
47
agriculture
permanent and intensive cultivation
48
industrialized agriculture
large scale cultivation with mechanized factory production
49
colonization
political conquest of one society by another
50
Why do countries colonize?
for land, resources, and other justifications (christianization/to "civilize")
51
why is it important to study the history of colonization
to understand global disparties and patterns that are around today - always reflective of the past
52
society
group of humans living together
53
subculture
subdivision within a culture
54
worldview
lens through which we view the world
55
fieldwork
immersed in daily life of a culture
56
Emic
the insiders view; more knowledgable
57
Etic
the outsiders view; no personal connections - sees more clearly
58
participant observation
doing what the people are doing
59
flows in globalization
people, culture, money, problems, solutions
60
B-corporations
3 priorities - profit, environment, and community
61
Inuit classification system
separate terms for the nuclear family that aren't used outside nuclear family
62
hawaiian classification system
single term for all relatives of the same sex and gender
63
cultural sturcture
the forces and processes of culture that surround us
63
sex
biological differences within a species
64
gender
interpretations of biological patterns; cultural construct
65
DSD
differences of sex development
66
gendered lens
asking how globalization is experienced depending on gender identity
67
double day
working a full day of work and coming home and doing all domestic work for family
68
two spirit
individuals in native american cultures who do not fit into either gender
69
what is the federal minimum wage
$7.25
70
what is the 2022 fed poverty guideline
13,590/yr
71
What company holds 3 shareholders on the forbes list of 20 wealthiest people in the world
Walmart
72
genocides
killing of a cultural group
73
ethnocide
destroying a culture
74
periods of independance
varies greatly country to country
75
neocolonialism
persisting relationships despite the end of formal domination
76
capitalism
economic system that has become firmly established across the world
76
settler colonialism
the idea colonization is an ongoing structure rather than a historic event - settlers displacing original population
77
neoliberalism
the dominant form of capitalism that includes free trade, elimination of barriers, and privatization
78
free trade/free market
leave the market be, no outside influence (govt)
79
subsidies
a payment to individuals or firms from the govt
80
tariffs
a tax on imports or exports
81
privitization
the shifting of govt run industries to private sector
82
World Trade Organization (WTO)
maintain rules and brings countries together to negotiate on trade
83
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
monitors the "economic health" of countries and provides "technical assistance"
84
World Bank
poverty alleviation
85
loan conditions
conditions countries MUST follow to receive aid; neoliberal policies
86
debt
countries that receive loans must repay the money - with interest
87
what are the 8 principles for rebuilding economy (chang)
1. realizing free market capitalism is the worst economic system, 2. building the system on the recognition that human rationality is severely limited, 3. building a system that brings out the best of people, 4. stop believing that people are always paid what they 'deserve', 5. we need to take "making things" more seriously, 6. we need to strike a better balance between finance and 'real' activities, 7. government needs to become bigger and more active, 8. and the world economic system needs to 'unfairly' favor developing countries
88
what are care resources?
the resources needed to care for family members and dependants
89
what are the two groups that do not consistently benefit from neoliberal policies
farmers and low income countries
90
commodification for mother child bonds
putting a price on motherly love in the sense of the domestic care chain - using the love a mother has for her separated child
91
monoeconomics
the idea that due to neoliberal policies, one global economic system is forming, whether or not it's a good fit for a country
92
glocal
something characterized by both local and global considerations
93
what is an example of something "glocal"
the south african world cup
94
globality
a social condition characterized by tight global economic, political, cultural, and environmental interconnect
95
what does parreñas mean by "gender paradox"
the reorganization of households due to transnational migrant mothers
96
multiplier effect
impact of the remittances beyond the receiving household

Anth 200 (2 decks)

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