Exam 1

Question 1

Stone tools (hand axes)

Answer 1

3.3 mya

Question 2

Homo sapiens

Answer 2

250,000 BP

Question 3

Expansion out of Africa

Answer 3

100,000 BP

Question 4

Upper Paleolithic

Answer 4

50-12,000 BP

Question 5

Complex tools (Clovis Points)

Answer 5

Upper Paleolithic

Question 6

Languages

Answer 6

Upper Paleolithic

Question 7

Cave Paintings such as Lascaux

Answer 7

Upper Paleolithic

Question 8

Indus river

Answer 8

Harappa

Question 9

Urban planning (grid style streets, uniform house size, plumbing)

Answer 9

Harappa

Question 10

tortoise shells

Answer 10

China

Question 11

bronze vessels

Answer 11

China

Question 12

Yellow (development of rice cultivation) and Yangtze rivers

Answer 12

China

Question 13

Agriculturally rich lands because of the Nile

Answer 13

Egypt

Question 14

Focus on funerary monuments

Answer 14

Egypt

Question 15

Ancient Iraq

Answer 15

Mesopotamia

Question 16

Location of Uruk

Answer 16

Mesopotamia

Question 17

Individual cities had a sense of independence

Answer 17

Mesopotamia

Question 18

tool upgrade that led to the megafaunal extinction

Answer 18

Clovis points

Question 19

allowed humans to live and hunt in colder areas

Answer 19

Clothing

Question 20

first example of non utilitarian markings

Answer 20

Blombos Cave

Question 21

helped grow crops in areas with bad soil, but led to hyper-infestation

Answer 21

Slash and burn agriculture

Question 22

from Uruk temple complex, shows societal hierarchy

Answer 22

Warka vase

Question 23

Crops were a more efficient food source

Answer 23

Agriculture Effects

Question 24

New farming techniques brought hyper-infestation and reduced biodiversity

Answer 24

Agriculture Effects

Question 25

People began using animals for labor (secondary products revolution)

Answer 25

Agriculture Effects

Question 26

What led modern historians to not consider disease as a major player in world history

Answer 26

Modern disease-experienced populations

Question 27

What aided the creation of the Indian caste system, jati

Answer 27

The mixing of groups with different diseases (civilized diseases vs. tropical diseases)

Question 28

What affected religious practices, such as dietary laws

Answer 28

Diseases

Question 29

How long has malaria been affecting people

Answer 29

A loooong time

Question 30

What did increased concentration of populace and living with animals lead to

Answer 30

Higher levels of disease

Question 31

Increased by tropical regions and increased density of populace and proximity of living with animals, decreased with more temperate and colder regions and living at a distance from animals.

Answer 31

Disease gradient

Question 32

a mutual adaptation that allows the parasite and host to both survive.

Answer 32

Disease partnership

Question 33

civilizations break down smaller settlements around them through disease and warfare

Answer 33

Epidemiological Digestion

Question 34

The story of man and disease can be compared to that of man and society, a complex relationship where one suffers while the other benefits or vice versa, and allows for a narrative explanation

Answer 34

Macroparasitism vs. Macroparasitism:

Question 35

passed by rodents, currently named Yersinia Pestis after a Russian

Answer 35

Pasteurella Pestis

Question 36

only possible with large enough populace, such as in Sumeria

Answer 36

Measles

Question 37

sleeping sickness, carried by tse-tse fly

Answer 37

Trypanosomes

Question 38

carried by water flukes, evident in irrigation societies

Answer 38

Schistosomiasis

Question 39

Pops red blood cells, neutralized by sickle cell, passed by mosquito

Answer 39

Malaria

Question 40

disease used on rabbits in Australia, example of how disease partnership develops

Answer 40

Myxomatosis

Question 41

childhood disease, passed between generations

Answer 41

Chicken Pox

Question 42

typically egalitarian (Gobekli Tepe, Jericho)

Answer 42

Agricultural villages

Question 43

either horticulture or plow based with a designated hierarchy (Cahokia, Eridu)

Answer 43

Chiefdoms

Question 44

centralized populaces where specialization occurs and bureaucracy is born (Uruk)

Answer 44

Cities

Question 45

longer lasting than a single ruler, right to use violence (Egypt)

Answer 45

States

Question 46

prayed to the gods to remove the disease, either by penitence or passing it on to another.

Answer 46

Mursili II

Question 47

general plot points, relationship with life and death in the human experience

Answer 47

Epic of Gilgamesh