Exam 1

Question 1

Psychology is…

Answer 1

A scientific discipline.

Question 2

Why is psychology necessary?

Answer 2

We “already understand” people; are overconfident; and are fooled by errors of randomness.

Question 3

Parts of the scientific method are?

Answer 3

Theory, hypothesis, and experimentation

Question 4

Theory

Answer 4

An idea that must have testable predictions.

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

A prediction about variables.

Question 6

Experimentation

Answer 6

How variables are studied.

Question 7

Descriptive studies

Answer 7

Observe

Question 8

Correlational studies

Answer 8

Predict

Question 9

Experimental studies

Answer 9

Explain

Question 10

Operational definitions

Answer 10

Precise procedural explanations of variables in a study; very specific explanation.

Question 11

Correlations

Answer 11

Statistical measurement; how closely two variables vary together.

Question 12

Positive correlation

Answer 12

As one goes up, the other goes up.

Question 13

Negative correlation

Answer 13

As one goes up, the other goes down.

Question 14

No/none correlation (null)

Answer 14

As one goes up, the other is random.

Question 15

If two variables are correlated, does that mean one causes the other?

Answer 15

No! Correlation does not mean causation.

Question 16

Independent variable

Answer 16

What you manipulate.

Question 17

Dependent variable

Answer 17

What you measure.

Question 18

Confounding variables

Answer 18

Uncontrolled factors that might affect the dependent variable.

Question 19

P-value

Answer 19

P < 0.5 hypothesis accepted
P > 0.5 hypothesis rejected

Question 20

T-test

Answer 20

Compares dv scores across research groups.

Question 21

Phrenology

Answer 21

(Not true at all) the brain grows and shrinks, which causes the skull and scalp to change shape.

Question 22

Tools of discovery

Answer 22

Case study, stimulation, lesion (intentially damaging the brain), and record activity (brain scans).

Question 23

Resection

Answer 23

Surgical removal of part of the brain.

Question 24

Phineas Gage

Answer 24

Removed frontal tissue of his brain; lost ability to control impulses.

Question 25

Cerebellum

Answer 25

Motor coordination and movement; very dense.

Question 26

Hippocampus

Answer 26

Memory consolidation and internal GPS.

Question 27

Amygdala

Answer 27

Emotional perception and expression.

Question 28

What is the primary emotion the amygdala is concerned with?

Answer 28

Fear

Question 29

Hypothalamus

Answer 29

Basic motivation (food and sex).

Question 30

Subcortical means...?

Answer 30

Below the cortex.

Question 31

Subcortial parts of the brain

Answer 31

Cerebellum, hippocampus, amygdala, and the hypothalamus.

Question 32

Controls the subconscious

Answer 32

The subcortical portion of the brain.

Question 33

Controls your conscious state

Answer 33

Cerebral cortex

Question 34

Lobes of the cerebral cortex

Answer 34

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

Question 35

Motor cortex

Answer 35

Controls muscle movement; frontal lobe.

Question 36

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 36

Feelings of touch on the skin; parietal lobe.

Question 37

Auditory cortex

Answer 37

Hearing; temporal lobe.

Question 38

Visual cortex

Answer 38

Vision; occipital lobe.

Question 39

Brain in blind/deaf people

Answer 39

Reorganizes itself; heightened senses.

Question 40

Right brain controls...

Answer 40

Left side of the body.

Question 41

Left brain controls...

Answer 41

Right side of the body.

Question 42

Wernicke's region

Answer 42

All sensory input for language.

Question 43

Broca's region

Answer 43

All motor output for language.

Question 44

Left brain dominates...

Answer 44

Language

Question 45

Right brain dominates...

Answer 45

Processing space

Question 46

Split-brain

Answer 46

When the connection between the left and right brain breaks.

Question 47

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 47

"CEO" of the brain.

Question 48

Dendrites

Answer 48

Data processing; receive messages.

Question 49

Axon

Answer 49

Pass messages away from the cell body.

Question 50

Neural impulse

Answer 50

Action potential; electrical signal.

Question 51

Myelin sheath

Answer 51

Helps speed up neural impulses; covers axon.

Question 52

Characteristics of a action potential

Answer 52

Threshold (starting force); all-or-none (equal); and refractory reset).

Question 53

Neurotransmitters

Answer 53

How neurons talk to each other (dopamine, serotonin, etc).

Question 54

Neuron plasticity

Answer 54

Neurons and their networks can change.

Question 55

Nature

Answer 55

Inherited genetics

Question 56

Nurture

Answer 56

Environment and experiences.

Question 57

Behavior genetics

Answer 57

Study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental factors on behavior.

Question 58

Psychological variables (genetic)

Answer 58

Risk for mental illness and drug use, personality, and intelligence.

Question 59

Psychological variables (environment)

Answer 59

Social variables like attitudes, manners, and faith.

Question 60

Evolution

Answer 60

Traits are passed down due to fitness of an organism; survival and reproduction.

Question 61

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 61

A collective species nature through evolution.

Question 62

All traits are _________ from an evolutionary standpoint

Answer 62

Good (no morality)

Question 63

Sigmund Freud

Answer 63

Developed the psychodynamic theory

Question 64

Psychodynamic theory

Answer 64

Battle between your conscious thoughts and feelings and your unconscious.

Question 65

Psychodynamic theory - three systems

Answer 65

Id (basic drives); superego (conscience); and ego (reality).

Question 66

Psychosexual phases

Answer 66

Oral, anal, phallic, and onward

Question 67

Free association

Answer 67

Exploring the unconscience mind through relaxation.

Question 68

Projective tests

Answer 68

Tat (make up stores about a picture) and inteblot

Question 69

Freud's theories are mostly...

Answer 69

Unsubstantiated (unproven).