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Cognitve Psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Wilhelm Wundt & Edward Bradford

A

WW: Father of Psychology and established Cognitive Psychology

EB: first formal school of though, structuralist,

Both viewed that psychology had to focus on study of conscious mental events ( feelings, thoughts, perceptions, and recollections)

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2
Q

Aristotle

A

Recognized concept of memory
- De memoria
figured mind was a blank slate

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3
Q

Herman Van Ebbinghaus

A

father of memory research
method of research (Constant-Vowel-Constant) trigrams

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4
Q

William James

A

Second school of thought
Functionalism: What is it about how our brain works that gives us a certain impression

Memory has 2 parts; immediately available memory, repository for past experiences

Functions of conscious important than structure

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5
Q

Mary Whiten Calkins

A

1st woman in psychology
Student of William James
Denied PhD
First female president of APA

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6
Q

John Watson

A

Founder of Behaviorism
Interested in observable behavior
Mental process was not scientific

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7
Q

Brenda Miller

A

Founder of Clinical Neuropsychology and cognitive psychology

Ground-breaking work with patient H.M who had memory issues after being conscious for a while

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8
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

1st woman to be granted a PhD in psychology and 2nd female president of APA

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9
Q

B.F Skinner (behaviorism)

A

Thought beyond freedom and dignity
verbal behavior: how rewards and punishments develop our language
Skinner Box with rats and lever

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10
Q

Noam Chomsky (Cognitive Revolution)

A

Linguist
Credited with driving the “cognitive revolution”.

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11
Q

WW2

A

The government became more interested in behavior

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12
Q

Channel capacity

A

Human information processing system has a limited capacity

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13
Q

Computer analogy

A

Information processing may flow similar to steps and operations of a computer program

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14
Q

Classic measurement of info processing

A

Measuring reaction time and accuracy

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15
Q

Modern measurement of info processing

A

Eye tracking, brain imaging, and other physiological measures

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16
Q

Four components of memory

A

Sensory memory, short-ter, long term, control process(direct focus, rehearsal)

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17
Q

Encoding

A

The act of taking information and converting it to a usable mental form

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18
Q

Sequential stages of processing

A

Processing stages occur in a fixed sequence (predetermined)

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19
Q

Independent & Non-overlapping stages

A

Stages of processing are independent of one another and do not overlap in time

next stage can’t start until previous is done

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20
Q

Parallel Processing

A

Process can operate simultaneously
-All over the place (when you look at something you process color, shape, depth, etc…)

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21
Q

Dual task

A

Managing 2 things at once

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22
Q

salt house and typing (4 Process)

A
  1. Input state for encoding
  2. Parsing stage breaking words into separate characteristics
  3. Translation of characters into finger movements
  4. Execution of key strokes
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23
Q

Meta cognition

A

Awareness of our own cognition, knowledge and insight into how our cognitive system works

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24
Q

The Debate Curse

A

Skills needed to produce correct responses are the same skills needed to evaluate the accuracy of ones responses

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25
Source of error for Overestimation
Instead of relying on experience 2 different processes
26
Bottom-up processing
Take all details to form an impression on something -information is taken piece by piece from environment
27
Top-down processing
Notice big picture and then looking at the small details -previous knowledge or context of information informs our understanding
28
Context Effects (Simpson)
Does the content of a sentence help you understand word demonstrated after Cognition: 1. Does the normal function of the mind 2. Cream process models to expel process function 3. Examine acquisition and use of knowledge
29
Action Potential
Electrical charge of neuron +/-, message is sent along axon
30
Synapse/ Synaptic cleft
Reputable, exchange of neuro transmitters
31
Function and types of Neurons
1. Motor neurons 2. Sensory Neurons 3. Inter neurons
32
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
33
Peripheral nervous system
Everything else 1. Somatic Automatic
34
Somatic NS
Muscles
35
Automatic
Glands /organs & self-regulator 1. Sympathetic & Para sympathetic
36
Capgrass Syndrome
Someone with this is fully able to recognize people in their world but convince some of them are not who they are or appear to be and can look at them as a fraud or having been kidnapped
37
Structural (Neur-imaging)
CT scans (X-rays) MRI Scans (magnetic field to view molecules)
38
Electrical Measures
EEG (brain wave patterns) TMS (magnetic field that disrupts the local electrical activity of area
39
Metabolic Measures
PET (ratio active isotope injected and flows through bloodstream , isotope leaves a signal and decays) FMRI (magnet isolates molecules
40
Excitatory NT
Encourage firing
41
Inhibitory NT
Discourage firing
42
Acetylcholine
Used throughout the nervous system
43
Glutamate
A. Excitatory B. Creation or strengthening of connections between neurons
44
GABA
Inhibitory -weakens connections/ reduces activity
45
Motor neurons
Release acetylcholine into muscles making interactions and creating movement
46
Sensory neurons
Sensitive to physical event (glutamate)
47
Interneurons
Transmission of information to other neurons
48
Sympathetic NS
Arouses and expends energy
49
Parasympathetic NS
Maintain homeostasis, bring back from excitement to calm function
50
Frontal lobe
Cognitive control, working memory
51
Somatic NS
voluntary control of skeletalmuscles
52
autonomic NS
control of glands and internal organs "self regulatory " system
53
somatosensory cortex
analysis of bodily sensation
54
Dorsal Pathway
Where (Spatial)
55
Ventral Pathway
What (Perceptual)
56
Sperry & Gazzinga
split brain research, severed corpus callousum in people who were epileptic
57
phineas gage
when working during construction a steel pipe went through his head and survived with have brain
58
medulla
controls vital functions (breathing and heart rate)
59
Pons
main connectin between cerbellum and rest of brain
60
Limbic system
amygdala hypothalamus and hippocampus

Cognitve Psychology (2 decks)

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