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APRD 2004 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What latin words does “research” come from

A

re - again & cercier - to search

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2
Q

Scholarly research

A

systematic, objective and careful

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3
Q

everyday research

A

anecdotal, experiential, non-systematic ex- google maps or yelp

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4
Q

Knowledge

A

the fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained through experience or association

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5
Q

Big T Truth

A

apply this concept in hard sciences
EX: 2 molecules of hydrogen and 2 molecules of oxygen produces the same result every time

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6
Q

Little T truth

A

whatever you believe to be true for any reason

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7
Q

What are the sources of knowledge according to Pajo?

A

Tradition, Experience, Authority, New Knowledge, Scientific Methods

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8
Q

What is the question of Ontology?

A

What is the form and nature of reality? What can be known?

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9
Q

What is the question of Epistemology?

A

How can we know what we know?

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10
Q

What is the question of Method?

A

what procedures can we use to acquire knowledge?

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11
Q

Ontology (Realism)

A

Reality is objective

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12
Q

Epistemology (Positivism)

A

Empirical science produces knowledge

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13
Q

Method (Quantitative)

A

Experiments, surveys, content analyses

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14
Q

Ontology (Idealism/Interpretivism)

A

Reality is subjective

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15
Q

Epistemology (Constructivism)

A

Knowledge is a social construction

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16
Q

Method (Qualitative)

A

Interviews, focus groups, rhetorical analysis

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17
Q

Paradigms

A

Unchangeable research patterns that we use over and over again
Normal science -> anomalies -> crisis -> revolution -> paradigm shift -> new knowledge new paradigm

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18
Q

The Kuhn Cycle

A

Paradigm change -> pre science/ normal science -> model drift -> model crisis -> model revolution -> paradigm change etc etc

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19
Q

Methodology

A

Refers to a body of methods, rules and postulates employed by a discipline; a particular set of procedures

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20
Q

Method

A

a given research tool of data acquisition theory

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21
Q

What are the 5 aspects of communication

A

Intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, organizational, mass media

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22
Q

intRApersonal communication

A

what goes on within yourself

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23
Q

intERpersonal communication

A

face to face conversation between 1-2 people

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24
Q

market research

A

an organized and systematic effort to gather information about customers or markets

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25
A Market
an area or arena in which commercial dealings are conducted ex: supermarket ; an opportunity for selling
26
Who said I think before I am
Descartes
27
Insight
The act or result of apprehending the inner nature of things or of seeing intuitively -> information that enables a company to determine why their customers behave the way they do IT IS THE WHY
28
What do insights provide clients/organizations?
the context surrounding the findings, the behavioral implications of the findings and how to apply the information towards the business goals and objectives
29
Insights are about....
interpretation and implication
30
Market research tells us __ insights tell us __
what ; why
31
"Hear What You Want Campaign"
BEATS AD - insight drawn from the research that music is used to improve focus and build confidence
32
Research Ethics
The specific principles, rules, guidelines, and norms of research-related behaviors that a research community has decided are proper, fair and appropriate
33
Norm
A standard of behavior that is shared by social groups; govern almost all of our social actions
34
Morals
individual beliefs regarding right and wrong; morals speak to something deeper within -> Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis
35
Nuremberg Code
Torture masquerading as scientific exploration was a huge part of the Nazi agenda -> the code about ETHICAL RESEARCH emerged as part of the war crimes tribunal at nuremberg in 1946
36
Belmont Report
Issues by the federal government in 1979 partially in response to the Tuskegee Syphilis study -> purpose was to establish basic ethical principles and guidelines for conducting research on humans
37
Respect for persons
research participants are independent, self-governing and capable of making decisions for themselves as long as they are provided with sufficient information
38
Informed Consent
people should be given full information about the research study and subsequently allowed to make a decision on whether or not to participate
39
Nonmaleficence
the idea that no harm should be done to research participants
40
beneficence
the idea that research outcomes should be beneficial
41
anonymity
no one (including the researcher) knows a participants idenity
42
confidentiality
a participant's identity is kept secret with the study results are posted
43
justice
all people should be equally subjected to the risks and the rewards of research
44
What is the GACCS approach for insights?
Grasp Assemble Check Biases Consider Alternatives think like a Storyteller
45
Institutional Review Board
(IRB) Ethical oversight is performed by an IRB in institutional contexts ex: at universities, hospitals, etc
46
Who conducts Ethical Oversight in Strategic Communication Fields?
it is up to the individual researchers/analysts to ensure that they are conducting ethical research
47
The first step when conducting research is...
to choose a topic
48
Fundamental/basic research **
looks at the world at large and tries to generate new ideas or explanations about how the world looks and why
49
Applied research **
seeks to solve a specific societal problem or uncover more information about a particular issue; research conducted in business contexts is generally applied
50
Research Construct
an abstract term that is difficult to measure and can be understood differently by different people ex: gender
51
Narrow Construct
THE GOAL!! to specifically identify the constructs that are important to your research and generate an explicit definition of these constructs
52
Example of broad vs narrow construct
Broad = trust Narrow = feelings of generalized trust among millennials
53
population of interest
the group of people that you are interested in learning more about -> identifying this is important to narrowing down a research topic
54
Sample
A portion of the population -> if the population is a cake, a sample is a slice
55
literature review
the summary of the to-date knowledge on your (narrowly) researched topic
56
Secondary research
obtaining and summarizing: information that can come from scholarly journals, industry reports, news, journalism, books and other credible sources
57
Primary Research
Research we conduct ourselves; what's already known does not answer our question
58
3 Basic Steps to take in the early research process
1. Clarify research topic 2. Perform secondary research 3. enter primary research phase
59
Research Brief
a document created by an organization or agency that is soliciting (requesting) the research work -> it guides the efforts of people/organizations tasked with actually carrying out research
60
Parts of a research brief
background objectives research targets research users constraints other considerations
61
Places to look for secondary research
CU library website, google scholar, third party sources such as Pew Research
62
Pew research Center
a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world
63
How to access the credibility of secondary research
Author details, Peer review, presence of obvious bias, presence of citations
64
Peer review
A process by which other experts review an article prior to its publication -> like 4% are accepted into journals
65
Double Blinded peer review
Reviewer and author identities are concealed from the reviewers and vice versa throughout the review process
66
Hard News in journalism
Objective attempts to describe current events "here's what happened and why"
67
News Analysis in Journalism
Subjective interpretation of the news based evidence, including data, as well as anticipating how events might unfold based on past events
68
News Opinion in Journalism
a suggested opinion augmented by the news
69
Fake news
False or misleading content intentionally dressed up to look like news articles
70
DISinformation
the deliberate creation and sharing of information known to be false
71
MISinformation
the inadvertent sharing of false information
72
The 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation
1. Parody 2. Misleading Content 3. Imposter Content 4. Fabricated Content 5. False Connection 6. False Context 7. Manipulated Content
73
The 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation
1. Parody 2. Misleading Content 3. Imposter Content 4. Fabricated Content 5. False Connection 6. False Context 7. Manipulated Content
74
The 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation- parody
no intention to cause harm but has the potential to fool
75
The 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation- Misleading Content
misleading use of information to frame an issue or individual
76
The 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation- Imposter content
when genuine sources are impersonated
77
The 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation- Fabricated content
New content is 100% false, designed to deceive and do harm
78
The 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation- False Connection
When headlines, visuals or captions don't support the content
79
The 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation- false context
When genuine content is shared with false contextual information
80
The 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation- Manipulated content
when genuine information or imagery is manipulated to deceive
81
Components of an academic research article
1. abstract 2. introduction 3. literature review 4. method 5. results 6. discussion
82
Components of a research report/whitepaper
1. Overview/executive summary 2. introduction 3. background 4. findings 5. conclusion 6. method
83
Inverted Pyramid Format
The format news content frequently follows: Most newsworthy info -> important info -> background detail

APRD 2004 (3 decks)

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