Exam 1

Question 1

speech sound disorders

Answer 1

phonology and articulation

Question 2

components of language

Answer 2

pragmatics
semantics
syntax
morphology
phonology

Question 3

components of speech

Answer 3

articulation
fluency
voice

Question 4

phonology

Answer 4

study of systems and patterns of sounds that occur in a language

Question 5

how consonants and vowels are organized to convey meaning within a language system

Answer 5

phonology

Question 6

phonotactics

Answer 6

the description of the allowed combinations of phonemes in a particular language

Question 7

basic unit of phonetics

Answer 7

phone

Question 8

[f]

Answer 8

phone

Question 9

referred to as allophonic variations or phonetic variations; concrete

Answer 9

phone

Question 10

basic unit within phonology

Answer 10

phoneme

Question 11

/s/

Answer 11

phoneme

Question 12

an abstract, linguistic unit

Answer 12

phoneme

Question 13

the smallest unit of language to establish word meanings and distinguish between them

Answer 13

phoneme

Question 14

difficulty in establishing the placement of the articulators or executing the motor movements needed to produce speech sounds

Answer 14

articulation disorders

Question 15

usually described as omissions, distortions, substitutions, or additions

Answer 15

articulation disorders

Question 16

limited to only a few sounds

Answer 16

articulation disorders

Question 17

does not compromise intelligibility to a large extent

Answer 17

articulation disorders

Question 18

impaired comprehension and/or use of the sound system of a language

Answer 18

phonological disorder

Question 19

multiple sound errors

Answer 19

phonological disorders

Question 20

significantly impair speech intelligibility

Answer 20

phonological disorder

Question 21

consistent substitutions or distortions of the same sounds in isolation or in all phonetic contexts; typically r- and s- sounds; 12%

Answer 21

articulation disorder

Question 22

inconsistent speech error; oromotor signs (groping); slow speech rate and disturbed prosody; short utterance length; poorer performance in imitation than spontaneous production; multiple deficits affecting phonological and phonetic planning as well as motor program implementations; rare

Answer 22

childhood apraxia of speech

Question 23

presence of speech error patterns that are typical of younger children; stopping of fricative (tun for sun); weak syllable deletion (nana for banana); 55%

Answer 23

phonological delay

Question 24

consistent use of one or more unusual non-developmental error patterns; backing (kop for top); initial consonant deletion (og for dog); 20%

Answer 24

consistent phonological disorders

Question 25

multiple phonemic error forms for the same words while having no oro-motor difficulties; children perform better in imitation than spontaneous production; 20%

Answer 25

inconsistent phonological disorder

Question 26

produced with a relatively open airway

Answer 26

sonorants

Question 27

complete or narrow constriction between the articulators

Answer 27

obstruents

Question 28

sonorants

Answer 28

vowels > glides > liquids > nasals

Question 29

obstruents

Answer 29

voiced fricatives > voiceless fricatives > voiced stops > voiceless stops

Question 30

no significant constriction of the oral/pharyngeal cavities; always voiced

Answer 30

vowels

Question 31

four parameters of vowels

Answer 31

tongue/jaw height tongue frontness/backness lip roundness tense vs. lax

Question 32

rounded vowels

Answer 32

/u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɚ, ɝ/ who took joes coffee & 'er' central vowels

Question 33

tense vowels

Answer 33

/i, e, u, o, ɔ, ɑ, ɝ/

Question 34

significant constriction in the oral and/or pharyngeal cavities; can be voiced or voiceless

Answer 34

consonants

Question 35

3 parameters for consonants

Answer 35

voicing place of articulation manner of articulation

Question 36

syllable structure

Answer 36

onset, rhyme (nucleus & coda)

Question 37

narrow transcription

Answer 37

diacritics

Question 38

articulatory variation in which the tongue approaches the upper incisors

Answer 38

dentalized

Question 39

articulatory variation in which the tongue approaches the palate

Answer 39

palatalized

Question 40

articulatory variation in which the airstream is released laterally

Answer 40

lateralized

Question 41

the strong burst of breath that accompanies the release of the articulatory closure in stops (+VOT)

Answer 41

aspirated

Question 42

maintained articulatory closure (word final position usually)

Answer 42

unreleased

Question 43

when a normally unrounded consonant is produced with lip rounding

Answer 43

labialization

Question 44

when enough consonants that are usually produced rounded, are produced unrounded

Answer 44

nonlabialization

Question 45

marks the stressed syllable

Answer 45

stress

Question 46

Weak syllable deletion (potato CVCVCV to tedo CVCV)

Answer 46

unstressed syllable deletion

Question 47

doubling (bottle to baba; baby to bebe)

Answer 47

reduplication

Question 48

addition of /i/ or consonant+/i/; form of partial reduplication (horse to horsy; cup to cupy)

Answer 48

diminization

Question 49

insertion of sound, commonly a shwa between two consonants (spoon to supoon; blue to bulue)

Answer 49

epethesis

Question 50

deletion of the final single consonant or all consonants in a final cluster (shake to ska; peek to pee)

Answer 50

FCD

Question 51

deletion of the single consonant in the word initial position (team to eam; seat to eat)

Answer 51

ICD

Question 52

deletion of one or all consonants in a cluster (steak to teak)

Answer 52

cluster deletion

Question 53

not a syllable structure process (tree to twee)

Answer 53

cluster substitution

Question 54

substitution of stops for fricative and affricates (feet to peet; choke to toke)

Answer 54

stopping

Question 55

replacement of an affricate by a stop or fricative (choose to soose; jeep to deep)

Answer 55

deaffrication

Question 56

replacement of a fricative with an affricate (soap to djop)

Answer 56

affrication

Question 57

replacement of velar phonemes /k, g, ng/ by sounds that are produced in a more anterior position; usually an alveolar stop (coat to toat; gate to date)

Answer 57

velar fronting

Question 58

replacement of sounds that have an anterior point of constriction with posterior sounds (velar or glottals) (shoe to ku; dough to go; soup to houp)

Answer 58

backing

Question 59

replacement of sounds made with the lips or teeth for sounds made on the alveolar ridge (food to good; thin to tin)

Answer 59

alveolarization

Question 60

bilabial, labiodental, interdental -> alveolar sounds

Answer 60

alveolarization

Question 61

replacement of interdental or alveolar sounds with labial sound (sun to fun; thin to fin)

Answer 61

labialization

Question 62

alveolar, interdental -> labial sounds

Answer 62

labialization

Question 63

substitution of a non palatal sound for a palatal fricative/affricative (shoot to soot; chew to tew)

Answer 63

depalatilization

Question 64

addition of a palatal component to a non palatal target phoneme (sew to show; bees to beesh)

Answer 64

palatalization

Question 65

substitution of glide for a prevocalic liquid (road to woad; low to jo; glass to gwass)

Answer 65

liquid gliding

Question 66

substitution of a vowel for a syllabic liquid, nasal, or mid-central (table to tabo; bigger to bigga; apple to appo)

Answer 66

vocalization (vowelization)

Question 67

bilabial voiced stop

Answer 67

b

Question 68

bilabial voiceless stop

Answer 68

p

Question 69

alveolar voiced stop

Answer 69

d

Question 70

alveolar voiceless stop

Answer 70

t

Question 71

velar voiced stop

Answer 71

g

Question 72

velar voiced stop

Answer 72

g

Question 73

velar voiceless stop

Answer 73

k

Question 74

glottal voiceless stop

Answer 74

ʔ

Question 75

bilabial voiced nasal

Answer 75

m

Question 76

alveolar voiced nasal

Answer 76

n

Question 77

velar voiced nasal

Answer 77

ŋ

Question 78

labiodental voiced fricative

Answer 78

v

Question 79

labiodental voiceless fricative

Answer 79

f

Question 80

interdental voiced fricative

Answer 80

ð

Question 81

interdental voiceless fricative

Answer 81

θ

Question 82

alveolar voiced fricative

Answer 82

z

Question 83

alveolar voiceless fricative

Answer 83

s

Question 84

palatal voiceless fricative

Answer 84

ʃ

Question 85

glottal voiceless fricative

Answer 85

h

Question 86

palatal voiced affricate

Answer 86

dʒ

Question 87

palatal voiceless affricate

Answer 87

tʃ

Question 88

alveolar voiced liquid (approximant)

Answer 88

l

Question 89

palatal voiced liquid (approximant)

Answer 89

r

Question 90

palatal voiced glide (approximant)

Answer 90

j

Question 91

bilabial + velar voiced glide (approximant)

Answer 91

w

Question 92

language

Answer 92

phonology

Question 93

speech

Answer 93

articulation

Question 94

reflects difficulties with sound patterns and rules within a language

Answer 94

phonological disorders

Question 95

articulation & phonological disorders

Answer 95

functional disorders

Question 96

SSD risk factors

Answer 96

male gender family hx low maternal education low SES otitis media moderate to severe hearing loss

Question 97

SSD

Answer 97

speech sound disorders

Question 98

phoneme that would most require appropriate lip structure and function

Answer 98

open o

Question 99

vowel in "straight"

Answer 99

e - mid, front, unrounded tense

Question 100

voiced palatal glide

Answer 100

j

Question 101

a mental & psychological representation of speech sounds as a unit of phonology

Answer 101

phoneme

Question 102

set of phones that are associated with the same phoneme

Answer 102

allophonic variation

Question 103

english disallows /ng/ in the onset position

Answer 103

phonotactics

Question 104

"soup" with labialized s - this is due to:

Answer 104

lip rounding following the high back vowel /u/

Question 105

air comes out through oral cavity

Answer 105

VP port closed

Question 106

cheek to [tit]

Answer 106

velar fronting (k to t) & depalatalization (ch to t)

Question 107

lady to [wedi]

Answer 107

gliding

Question 108

page to [peʒ]

Answer 108

deaffrication

Question 109

reef to [wip]

Answer 109

stopping (f to p) & gliding (r to w)

Question 110

sun to [fʌn]

Answer 110

labialization

Question 111

thin to [fɪn]

Answer 111

labialization