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Exam 1 Anatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what does axial region consist of

A

head, neck, trunk

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2
Q

what are the body planes

A

frontal, sagittal, transverse

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3
Q

what is pericardium

A

covering of the heart

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4
Q

what is visceral pericardium

A

inner layer of the heart

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5
Q

what is parietal pericardium

A

out layer of the heart

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6
Q

what is pleura

A

covering of the lungs

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7
Q

what is visceral pleura

A

inner layer of the lungs

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8
Q

what is the parietal pleura

A

outer layer of the lungs

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9
Q

ventral is similar to

A

anterior

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10
Q

dorsal is similar to

A

posterior

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11
Q

what are the dorsal body cavities

A

cranial, vertebral, thoracic

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12
Q

what are the ventral body cavities

A

pelvic and abdominal

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13
Q

what does DNA and RNA consist of

A

nucleotides

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14
Q

what are nucleotides made out of

A

nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate

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15
Q

what is anatomy

A

structure

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16
Q

what is physiology

A

function

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17
Q

what is palpation

A

touching

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18
Q

what is percussion

A

tapping

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19
Q

what is auscultation

A

listening

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20
Q

What is homeostasis

A

maintaining the condition inside no matter the environment around it

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21
Q

positive feedback

A

least common, birth, heightens the end results

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22
Q

negative feedback

A

most common, response reduces or shuts off original stimulus

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23
Q

what is the order from simplest to most complex

A

atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

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24
Q

what is catabolic

A

breaking down, hydrolysis (adding water to separate)

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25
what is anabolic
building, dehydration reaction (two monomers need to get together getting rid of the water)
26
one water molecule will bond to other water molecules with
hydrogen bonds
27
hydrogen and oxygen bond by
polar covalent bond
28
what is the DNA's structure
double stranded, nitrogenous base with sugar phosphate back bone outside
29
what are the nucleotides
ATCG (U)
30
what are DNA nitrogenous bases
AT and GC (deoxyribose) (double stranded)
31
what are RNA nucleotides
AU and GC (ribose) (single stranded)
32
How many hydrogen bonds will nitrogenous bases will have
AT -- 2 GC -- 3
33
what are the 3 monosaccharides
Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
34
what are the 3 disaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose
35
what are the 3 polysaccharides
Cellulose, starch, glycogen
36
what is a glycoprotein
external surface of cell membrane, mucus of respiratory and digestive tracts
37
what is a glycolipid
external surface of the cell membrane
38
what is a proteoglycan
cell adhesion; lubrication; supportive filler (cartilage) of some tissues and organs
39
what makes up the cell membrane
75% phospholipids, 25 % cholesterol, 5% glycolipids, proteins
40
what does primary structure look like
beads being strung
41
what does secondary structure look like
alpha helix and beta sheet being formed
42
what does tertiary structure look like
coiling and folding (could be globular)
43
what does quaternary structure look like
3D shape
44
what is a nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
45
Nucleic acids are polymers of what
nucleotides
46
what is the inner part of the cell membrane
hydrophobic
47
what are the outer layers of the cell membrane
hydrophilic
48
what is glycocalyx
Surface sugar molecules that cover the outside of the cell membrane, extension of the glycolipids and glycoproteins
49
what is the flagella
moves the cell around usually only present in bacteria or the sperm cell
50
what is cilia
small hairs that help move things a long
51
what is microvilli
increases surface area to increase absorption (small intestines)
52
what is the most abundant molecule in the plasma membrane
phospholipids
53
what is the potassium pump
secondary active transport that moves 3 sodium's out of the cell and 2 potassium's in
54
when placed in a hypertonic solution a red blood cell will
shrink
55
when placed in a hypotonic solution a red blood cell will
swell up
56
when placed in a isotonic solution a red blood cell will
not change
57
what is phagocytosis
cell eating
58
what is pinocytosis
cell drinking
59
copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is
transcription
60
using the information contained in mRNA to make protein is called
translation
61
what are the embryonic germs layer
ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
62
what is ectoderm
outer embryonic germ layer, gives rise to the epidermis and nervous system
63
what is the endoderm
inner embryonic germ layer, mucous membrane lining digestive and respiratory tracts
64
what is the mesoderm
middle embryonic germ layer, gives rise to muscle, bone and blood
65
what are the 4 different tissue types
simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar
66
what is marfan syndrome
defect in elastic fiber
67
what is the cell to cell connection tight junction
seals off the cells and makes it difficult for substance to pass in between cells
68
what is the cell to cell connection gap junction
proteins form a circle and create a gap, for material exchange
69
what do glands do
secretion and excretion
70
what is hyperplasia
growth through cell multiplication ( increase the number of cells)
71
what is hypertrophy
growth in preexisting cells (muscle growth, accumulation of body fat)
72
what is neoplasia
development of a tumor (not normally in your body it is an abnormal growth)
73
what is metaplasia
change of one type of mature tissue to another (simple cuboidal before puberty in the uterus to stratified squamous afterwards to allow shedding)
74
what is totipotent
cells of very early embryo, have the potential to develop into any type of human cell including accessory organs of pregnancy, after 4 days of fertilization
75
what is pluripotent
cells of inner cell mass of embryo, can develop into any type of cell in the embryo
76
what is multipotent
able to develop into two or more cell lines (ex: bone marrow stem cells)
77
what is unipotent
produce only one type of cell (ex: cells giving rise to sperm)

Exam 1 Anatomy (1 decks)

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