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Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What should head look like birth during physical assessment?

A

Symmetric

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2
Q

When does the POSTERIOR fontanel close?

A

8 Weeks

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3
Q

When does the Anterior fontanel close?

A

12 - 18 months

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4
Q

When a baby is 6 months and hears a loud startling noise, how do they react?

A

Arms and legs symmetrically extend and THEN abduct while fingers spread to form a C shape .

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5
Q

In what “direction” are motor skills assessed?

A

In a cephalocaudal direction (head-to-toe) w/ ears being inspected last

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6
Q

What should a child be able to do by 4 months?

A

grasp objects

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7
Q

Why do toddlers say “no” and throw tantrums?

A

They are trying to gain control

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8
Q

How should a parent respond to a temper tantrum?

A

Ignore it = basic concept in behavior modification

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9
Q

By 2 months, what type of sound should a baby make?

A

single vowel sounds

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10
Q

By 3-4 months, what type of sounds should a baby make?

A

Add consonants

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11
Q

How many teeth should a baby have by 1 year ?

A

6-8

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12
Q

What position should a child be in to prevent SIDS?

A

on their back

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13
Q

By 3 months of age, and infant should be able to do what regarding their body position?

A

Raise their head and shoulders from a prone position

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14
Q

What does a bulging fontanels a manifestation of?

A

CNS infection

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15
Q

What position should a child carset be in until 2 years old?

A

Reverse and in the back seat

*until 2, or if the while outgrows their height or weight

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16
Q

By 8 months, a child should be able to do what regarding their body position?

A

Sit steadily without support

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17
Q

By 10 months, a child can should be able to do what regarding their body position?

A

Can move from prone to sitting

Can stand while holding onto a chair and can lift one foot

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18
Q

How many doses of Heb B should a baby should receive and when?

A

3 doses

-birth
-1-2 months
-6-18 months

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19
Q

If a mom is HepB surface antigen is positive, when should the baby receive Hep B?

A

Within 12 hours of birth

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20
Q

When giving a child younger than 3 years old ear drops, how should you hold the ear?

A

down and back
*this opens ear canal

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21
Q

What can a furrowed brow indicate in an infant ?

A

pain or distress

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22
Q

What should the nurse do, before taking a toddler’s vital signs?

A

Inform the toddler what they are doing

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23
Q

By 15 months of age, a child should be able to do what regarding their body position?

A

Stand without support

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24
Q

What are the steps for taking the weight & height of a 6 month old?

A

1) place disposable covering on scale
2) zero scale
3) weight baby
4) measure from crown of head to the heel

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25
What are key facts regarding safety for small children
-food should be small and non-circular (due to small airway) -plastic bags should be tied so children cannot find them and put them over their heads -mattress covers should fit snuggly to prevent infant/child to be caught between slats of crib and mattress
26
What are two health promotion items to educate parents on?
1) how to manage tantrums 2) Dental care
27
How can a parent help prevent jaundice?
Early and frequent feedings
28
What percentile is considered undernourished and is labeled "failure to thrive"
less than 5th percentile
29
What should always be asked before giving a vaccine?
Allergies
30
What are the age ranges for the FLACC pain scale?
2 months - 7 years
31
What is the screening tool that is "mostly" used for the development of a child
Denver II developmental screening tool
32
What order should an abdominal assessment be completed in?
-Inspection -Auscultate -light palpation -Deep palpation
33
Erickson - toddlers
Independence Negative / need for autonomy
34
Age 5 - what developmental level are they in
imaginary + creative play, play cooperatively w/ peers and can speak in complete sentences
35
What are some nursing interventions for giving injections to children?
Quickly Keep parent with child Have child hold a cherished object (toy)
36
How do we know a child is ready for toilet training?
They have the sensation of needing to urinate or defecate. They are able to communicate Their spinal cord allows voluntary control Nighttime control develops last
37
What are safety precautions for a 2 year old that families can make at home?
Gates pool fences cupboard locks
38
Erickson - 4 years old
Light on at night Role play (mimic you)
39
What age should a child stop having an imaginary friend, and what it is a sign of if they do
Age 6 Sign of developmental delay
40
What pain scale should we used for a child between 3-6 years old?
Faces scale
41
Age 3-6 are what kind of thinkers?
Magical thinker
42
How do preschoolers make judgements based on?
Visual appearances Example; if child has 2 moms, this is what they see as normal
43
What age does gender identity develop
3
44
By 18 months of age, a child should be able to do what regarding their body position?
Jump in place with both feet pulls and pushes toys independant gait parents and
45
Why is sleep and rest important?
It is an increase period of growth
46
If there is abuse, what needs to happen?
Parents are not allowed with child
47
What are ways to quickly assess if a child has vision and/or hearing problems?
Look for s/s such as squinting
48
By 4 years of age, a child should be able to do what regarding their body position and how do they play?
Role pay balls hand puppets reading
49
Dental = deciduous (primary) teeth finalized
preschool years (starts around 30 months)
50
What is a good food to give children who are 2 years old?
Bananas (easy to chew and swallow)
51
By age 3, a child should be able to do what regarding their body position?
Ascend stairs
52
What are children age 12-36 months at risk for?
iron deficiency anemia
53
What should a parent do if they come into contact with poision?
Call poison control
54
What needs to be done if a child presents with a high fever, severe dyspnea, and drooling?
Prepare for nasotracheal intubation
55
What is MMR vaccine contraindicated?
Congenital immunodeficiency
56
When giving injection to a preschooler, what size needle should be used?
Use smallest size needle (1.8 mm - 0.5 mm). This is adequate to pass through subcutaneous tissue and entire muscle
57
What age does a child received the 2nd dose of Varicella (VAR)?
4 years old
58
A child who is 4 years old and is on airborne precautions, should be given what?
large-piece puzzle as an activity
59
Language for age 3-4 years old
sentences using 3-4 words.
60
Language for age 4-5 years old
sentences using 4-5 words.
61
When should preschooler be evaluated for speech therapy?
If they mispronounce words and speak in a nasally tone. IT could be caused by weakened muscles of tongue, oft palate and face.
62
When should the med atomoxetine (for ADHA) be given?
In the morning
63
What are expected findings for autism?
Repetitive movements like rocking
64
What are expected findings for a child who is being bullied?
Poor academic performance
65
What is a nursing action for a child with depression?
encourage group discussions, mentoring, counseling
66
What are expected findings for depression?
Isolation and loneliness
67
What are nursing actions for autism?
Reward system for positive behaviors
68
Ericksons development for age 6-12 years old
Industry vs inferiority Allow opportunity to keep up with their school work
69
What needs to be the focus when managing a dying child
Manage pain and discomfort. Do NOT focus on death or organ donation
70
What are typical things a 15 year old is concerned about (especially during hospital stays)
Body image peer relationships support from peers **what will my scar look like?
71
What immunization is important for an adolescent going to collage?
meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine
72
What increases the chance of suicide in adolescents?
a previous suicide attempt
73
What is a lateral curvaton of the spine in a 10 year old?
Scoliosis
74
What level of drop in BP is considered orthostatic hypotension?
S = more than 20 D = more than 10
75
What are Erickson's stages from birth to adolescent ?
Birth - 1 = trust Vs mistrust 1-3 = Autonomy vs shame and doubt 3-6 = Initiative vs guilt 6 - 12 = Industry vs inferiority 12-20 = identity vs role confusion
76
Milestone for 2-3 months?
Begins to hold head up makes cooing and gurgling sound
77
Milestone for 4-5 months?
rolls from stomach to back sits with support PALMAR grasp Babble and copies sounds
78
Milestone for 6-9 months?
Rolls in both directions sits without assistance crawl Birthweight is doubled moved objects from one hand to the other stranger anxiety
79
Milestone for 10-12 months?
2 finger grasp Understands "no"
80
Milestone for 12 months?
May - 1st steps alone birthweight tripled 2 finger PINCER grasp hits 2 objects together pokes with index finger MAMA / DADA separation anxiety searches for hidden objects
81
Milestones for 18 months
Throws ball overhand Build blocks 3-4 high Turns 2-3 pages at a time scribbles stays 10+ words 1 step verbal commands Ownership "mine" explores along with parents close by
82
Milestone for 2 years
Walks up and down stairs alone kicks ball runs without falling bulds 6-7 blocks turns pages 1 at a time draws a line 300+ words can form 2-3 phrases parallel play
83
Milestone for 3 years
walks upstairs alternating feet pedals tricycle jumps forward craws circle 3-4 sentences "why" follow 2-3 step instructions associative play toilet trained
84
Milestones for 4 years old
hops on one foot climbs and jumps catches ball 50% of time draws square pours liquid cuts sings song from memory would rather paly with children rather than alone
85
Age for immunization: Hep B
Birth 1-2 months 6-18 months
86
Age for immunization: Polio (IVP)
2 months 4 months 6-18 months 4-6 years
87
Age for immunization: DTap (<7 years old)
2 months 4 months 6 months 15-18 months 4-6 years
88
Age for immunization: PCV
2 months 4 months 6 months 12-15 months
89
Age for immunization: Hib
2 months 4 months 6 months 12-15 months
90
Age for immunization: Influenza
6 months, then yearly
91
Age for immunization: MMR (Measles, mumps, rubella)
12-18 months 4-6 years
92
Age for immunization: Varicella
12-15 months 4-6 months
93
Age for immunization: Hep A
12-24 months 6 months after 1st does
94
Age for immunization: Meningococcal B
At 16

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