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Exam 1 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system controlled by private for profit business (Economic Liberty)

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2
Q

Democracy

A

Political authority vested in the people

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3
Q

Political culture

A

widely shared ideas, beliefs, and values about
govt. & political processes

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4
Q

Elements of American political culture

A

Libery, equality, democracy, capitalism

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5
Q

Classical Liberalism

A

Political philosophy asserting worth and dignity
of individuals, emphasizing rational ability of
human beings to determine their own destinies

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6
Q

Equality

A

Being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities

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7
Q

Liberty

A

The power or scope to act as one pleases

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8
Q

Politics

A

struggle over power or influence within
organizations or informal groups that can grant
benefits or privileges

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9
Q

Totalitarian

A

govt. controls all aspects of society

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10
Q

Authoritarian

A

Regime fully controls govt. but does not control all social and economic institutions of society

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11
Q

Theocracy

A

Religious leader controls govt. relying on religious precepts

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12
Q

Aristocracy

A

A form of government in which power is held by the nobility

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13
Q

First immigration restrictions passed by congress

A

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

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14
Q

What law established an immigrant quota system?

A

Immigration Act of 1921

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15
Q

What type of people did the Immigration Act of 1921 favor?

A

Immigrants from northern & western
European countries with Protestant populations

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16
Q

Where have most immigrants come from since 1965?

A

Latin America and Asia

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17
Q

When was the Colonial Era/Early Independence?

A

1600s - mid 1800s

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18
Q

Where were most voluntary immigrants from during the Colonial Era/Early Independence?

A

Western and Northern Europe, Protestant

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19
Q

Where were most involuntary immigrants from during the Colonial Era/Early Independence?

A

Africa

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20
Q

When was the Great Wave?

A

1870 - 1920

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21
Q

Along with Northern/Western Europe, where were most immigrants from during the Great Wave?

A

Southern and Eastern Europe, Catholic and Orthodox/Jewish people

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22
Q

Where was heavy settlement during the Great Wave?

A

Northern industrial states and rural farming Midwest/Great Plains states

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23
Q

What is the amendment process?

A

Proposed amendment must pass a 2/3rds vote in House and Senate, then 3/4ths of the state legislature must approve

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24
Q

What political group was against ratifying the Constitution?

A

Anti-Federalists

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25
What was added to the Constitution addressing the concerns of the Anti-Federalists?
The Bill of Rights
26
What type of people were the Anti-Federalists?
Small-scale farmers, frontier settlers, debtors
27
Anti-Federalist leaders
Patrick Henry, George Mason, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, George Clinton
28
What did the Articles of Confederation not have?
Executive or Judicial Branch
29
What were the requirements for anything to pass in the Articles of Confederation?
9/13 votes
30
What were the requirements for amendments to pass in the Articles of Confederation?
Unanimous consent
31
What type of government did the Articles create?
Strong state governments, weak central gov.
32
What was the biggest financial problem with the Articles?
The government lacked the power to tax the states
33
What was the biggest security problem with the Articles?
Gov. lacked the power to raise a standing army or navy
34
What was another economic problem with the Articles?
National currency was worthless, states only wanted to use their own funds
35
What initially called for a bicameral legislature?
The Great Compromise
36
What part of the bicameral legislature came from the Virginia Plan?
House of Representatives
37
What part of the bicameral legislature came from the New Jersey Plan?
The Senate
38
What are the term limits for the House?
2 years
39
What are the term limits for the Senate?
6 years
40
What is the Bill of Rights?
The first ten amendments in the Constitution
41
What are checks and balances?
All the government branches keeping the others from becoming too powerful
42
What types of people were the constitutional convention delegates?
Upper-class members of society
43
What were some issues of the constitutional convention?
Slavery and suffrage
44
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
45
Who does the Electoral College elect?
The president
46
Enumerated/delegated powers
Powers expressly given to nation gov. in Constitution
47
What type of people were federalists?
Property owners, creditors, merchants, city dwellers, commercial farmers
48
Federalist Leaders
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, George Washington
49
full faith and credit clause
state courts respect the laws and judgments of courts from other states
50
What is The Great Compromise?
A combination of the New Jersey plan and the Virginia plan
51
judicial review
The judicial branch checks on the executive and legislative branches and defines things as constitutional
52
What are our natural rights?
Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
53
necessary and proper clause
gives Congress power to make “all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution” other federal powers
54
What was the New Jersey Plan?
One state, one vote
55
What must congressional officials do to swear into office?
Make an oath to uphold the constitution
56
Term of office length for a federal judge
Life
57
supremacy clause
the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws
58
What was required to ratify the Constitution?
9/13 states vote
59
What state failed to send a delegate to the constitutional convention?
Rhode Island
60
What are reserved powers?
Powers not explicitly granted to the federal gov. and given to the state
61
What was Shay's Rebellion?
An uprising of Massachusetts farmers calling for a stronger national government
62
The Federalist Papers
A series of essays defending the Constitution
63
three-fifths compromise
Slaves were considered 3/5ths of people in population counts
64
unicameral legislature
consists of only one house
65
First Amendment
freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly
66
2nd AMendment
right to keep and bear arms
67
Third Amendment
prohibits quartering of soldiers
68
Fourth Amendment:
protects people against unreasonable search and seizure
69
Fifth Amendment:
protects rights of people accused of crimes
70
Sixth Amendment:
court procedures to protect rights of people accused of crimes
71
Seventh Amendment
civil case right to jury trial
72
Eighth Amendment:
prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment
73
Ninth Amendment:
may be other rights retained by the people
74
Tenth Amendment:
owers not delegated to U.S. nor prohibited to States are reserved to the States
75
Thirteen Amendment
abolished slavery
76
Fourteenth Amendment
provided citizenship to former slaves & equal protection under the law
77
Fifteenth Amendment:
all men regardless of race or color have the right to vote
78
Seventeenth Amendment
direct election of Senators
79
Nineteenth Amendment
right to vote for women
80
Twenty-Third Amendment
residents of Washington, DC can vote for president
81
Twenty-Fourth Amendment
prohibits poll taxes
82
Twenty-Sixth Amendment
reduced voting age from 21 to 18
82
What powers are concurred between the state and nat gov.
Taxation
82
confederation
authority rests with subnational governments
82
cooperative federalism
national & state share power over public policy
83
dual federalism
co-equal levels of govt divide public policy based on national or local interest
84
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
central questions: defining commerce and supremacy of national laws
85
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
central questions: could Congress create a national bank and, if so, could a state tax it
86
United States v. Lopez (1995)
stuck down portions of the Gun-Free School Zones Act
87
United States v. Morrison (2000)
stuck down portions of the Violence Against Women Act

Government (5 decks)

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