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Exam 2 Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

What was the problem with the 1936 Literary Digest Poll?

A

Sample not representitive of population (Only car onwers could participate)

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2
Q

What is the Bradley/Halo Effect?

A

Giving the socially acceptable answer

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3
Q

What states have mail ballots?

A

Utah

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4
Q

What is the midterm voter turnout?

A

1/3rd

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5
Q

Countries using proportional representation (PR) vote systems to be

A

Multi-Party Systems

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6
Q

The early American political leader to warn people about political parties was

A

George Washington

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7
Q

The president who transformed his political party into a mass membership organization stressing loyalty to the party was

A

Andrew Jackson

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8
Q

The Republican party emerge from the collapse of which party?

A

The Whig Party

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9
Q

In the late 1800s, the Democratic Party generally recieved votes from who?

A

Catholic Immigrants in Northern industrial states

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10
Q

From 1932 - 1968, which party was the dominant party?

A

The Democratic Party

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11
Q

When did Southern states become a Republican stronghold?

A

The Sixth Party System of 1968 - 2016

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12
Q

What group of people who once reliably GOP, now shift to the Democratic Party?

A

College educated white women

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13
Q

What’s an example of a canidate centered third party?

A

The Reform Party (1990s)

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14
Q

A third party largely made up of farmers in the upper midwest/great plains

A

The Populist Party

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15
Q

An interest group composed of businesses in a specific industry

A

Trade Association

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16
Q

In-House Lobbyist

A

Someone who lobbies on behalf of an organization where they work as part of their job

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17
Q

Public Interest Groups

A

Interest groups that represent a class of people and advocate for policies to improve public goods

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18
Q

Interest groups are most likely to reflect what type of people?

A

Well educated professionals

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19
Q

Solidarity Incentives

A

When someone join an interest groups because they enjoy interacting with other members of the group

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20
Q

Has the number of interest groups and lobbyist’s in Washington declined?

A

No

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21
Q

Iron Triangle

A

A pattern of interactions between congressional committees, executive branch agencies, and interest groups

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22
Q

Free Riding

A

Not belonging to an organization nor paying dues yet still benefiting from the activities

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23
Q

Business sector totaling the largest amount of contributions to parties and canidates in 2016

A

Finacial/Insurance/Real estate

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24
Q

AARP

A

Membership organization of 38 million dues paying members, consistantly ranked a very influencial interest group

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25
Political Socialization
Process by which people acquire political beliefs and attitudes
26
Push Polls
Use of leading questions/statements
27
Delegate Model
Elected officials follow public opinion
28
Trustee Model
Elected officials use best judgement
29
Leading Questions
Questions that encourage respondance to give a desired answer
30
Representitive Sample
A group whose demographic distribution is similar to that of the overall population.
31
Ballot Fatigue
When voters begin to feel disengaged and apathetic
32
Election Limited to members of particular party
Closed Primary
33
State with a "none of these candidates" option
Nevada
34
First state with online voter registration
Arizona
35
People most likely to vote
People over 50
36
2024 max individual campaign donation
$3300
37
When/where presidential electors cast the Electoral College vote
State Capital, December
38
Overturned the FECA
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
39
Electoral College
Electors chosen by state political parties, electors of party whose candidate receives most votes within state will be ones to formally cast
40
Federal Election Commission (FEC)
Controls and keeps public records of federal campaign donations, Regulations limit the amounts individuals and organizations may donate to campaigns and candidates must disclose the source of their funds.
41
Hard money
A specific funding chain that is provided by a government agency or other financial organizations. It can relate to currency, loans, and political donations
42
Midterm election
Congressional election halfway through presidential term
43
Poll tax
Used to prevent black people from voting in the South, banned in 24th amendment
44
Recall
The removal of a politician or government official by the voters
45
Residency requirement
Voters are required to have proof of residency
46
Soft money
Money donated to a political party or group that is not subject to strict federal limits and prohibitions imposed by the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)
47
Statutory voting
A corporate voting procedure in which each shareholder is entitled to one vote per share and votes must be divided evenly among the candidates or issues being voted on
48
Super PAC
independent expenditure-only political committees that may receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, labor unions and other political action committees
49
open primary
open any registered voter regardless of party affiliation
50
top-two primary
also called blanket primary or jungle primary, candidates of all parties compete & top two finishers regardless of party
51
wholesale politics
a mode of campaigning that involves indirect contact with citizens, such as running campaign ads
52
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (2002)
banned unlimited soft money contributions to national party committees, increased individual contribution limit, candidates required to provide disclosure on ads
53
caucus
A meeting of the local members of a political party especially to select delegates to a convention or register preferences for candidates running for office
54
coattail effect
popular presidential candidate or political party leader attracts votes for other candidates of the same party in an election
55
early voting
Voting allowed before election day
56
Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)
It imposed restrictions on the amounts of monetary or other contributions that could lawfully be made to federal candidates and parties, and mandated disclosure of contributions and expenditures in campaigns for federal office
57
gerrymander
drawing electoral district lines to advantage and disadvantage some segments of society
58
initiative
voters approve or reject proposed law
59
political action committee (PAC)
can raise unlimited funds so long as they do not coordinate with candidates’ campaigns
60
primary election
used to select candidates to represent political party in the general election
61
referendum
voter approve or reject law passed by elected officials
62
retail politics
a political strategy or campaign style of meeting and speaking directly to as many voters as possible
63
voter registration
Handled at the state level, Many states register voters by political party
64
superdelegate
important members of party who serve as delegates free to vote for any candidate regardless of their state’s primary/caucus result
65
swing state (battleground state)
Campaign strategies focus on states that could be won by either party
66
voter turnout
Voter participation low compared to other countries
67
write-in vote
a vote cast for a candidate whose name does not appear on the official list of candidates, usually because they have not been selected by a political party
68
civil service system
replaces patronage (spoils) system for govt. hiring
69
divided government
Situation when one or more chambers of the legislature are controlled by party in opposition to party of the executive
70
Madison’s Federalist Number 51
Madison argues the constitution’s system of checks and balances would guard against any one faction from dominating the political process and govt
71
party-in-government
made up of party members who are elected to office
72
party organization
formal structure of the political party; its active members are responsible for coordinating party behavior and supporting party candidates
73
patronage (spoils) system
a post-election practice in which a political party winning an election rewards its campaign workers and other active supporters with appointment to government posts and other favors
74
proportional representation (PR)
parties gain seats in parliament in proportion to percentage of popular vote received
75
Enduring Parties
currently ideological parties: Libertarian Party since 1971, Green Party since 1984
76
candidate-centered parties
Reform Party in 1990s
77
Single-Issue Parties
Prohibition Party
78
Fusion Parties
cross endorsement of candidates – only allowed in a few states, most prominent being New York
79
one-party system
only one party allowed to hold power
80
Two-party system
two major parties dominate but other parties allowed to operate
81
Multi-party system
more than two parties compete and gain representation in govt
82
critical election
an electoral earthquake where new issues emerge, new coalitions replace old ones, and the majority party is often displaced by the minority party
83
plurality voting
an electoral process where a candidate, party, or proposition polls more votes than any other but does not receive more than half of all votes cast
84
party-in-the-electorate
People who consider themselves to be members of a political party
85
party platform
a document that outlines a political party's principles, goals, and positions on domestic and foreign affairs
86
progressive movement
called for disclosure requirements for campaign contributions, an eight-hour workday, a federal income tax, and women’s suffrage
87
Washington’s Farewell Address
“Political parties serve to organize faction...to put in place of the delegated will of the Nation, the will of the party”
88
Free Rider Problem
Benefiting from interest group activity without incurring cost of group membership
89
iron triangle
Patterns of interactions among legislative committee, executive branch department or agency, and interest groups
90
in-house lobbyist
works exclusively for their organization as paid staff member
91
contract lobbyist
an external contractor, a “hired gun” who may work for multiple clients
92
membership organization
consist of people who pay dues to be members of organization formed to promote particular cause or issue
93
revolving door
the movement of high-level employees from public-sector jobs to private-sector jobs and vice versa
94
Material incentives
economic self-interest
95
Purposive incentives
personal belief & commitment to issues addressed by group
96
Solidarity incentives
social benefits (camaraderie, recognition) derived from group membership
97
grassroots movement
utilizing interest group members and the public to contact govt. officials
98
lobbying
direct contact with government officials in attempt to influence policy
99
inside lobbying (direct lobbying)
expressing group’s message to government officials
100
outside lobbying (indirect lobbying)
taking group’s message to the general public hoping government officials respond to public opinion
101
lobbyist regulations
Anyone representing foreign entities must register as lobbyist, a lobbyist is anyone who spends 20% of their work time lobbying Congress or the executive branch, Lobbyists must register within 45 days of hire or making their first contact, Disclosure reports filed twice a year
102
voting cues
refers to any signal that reveals to a legislator what values are at stake in a upcoming vote

Government (5 decks)

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