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sociology > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

systematic study of the relationships between individual and society and of the consequences of differences

A

sociology

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2
Q

application of imagination thought to the asking and answering sociological questions

A

sociological imagination

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3
Q

underlying regularities or patterns in how people behave in their relationship with one another. example education, religion

A

social structure

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4
Q

idea or practice that a group of people agree exists. example assuming race

A

social construction

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5
Q

social processes through which children develop an awareness of social norms and values and achieve distinct sense of self

A

socialization

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6
Q

herbert spencer

A

argued that you work for what you get

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7
Q

aspects of social life that shape our actions as state assistance individuals

A

social facts

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8
Q

social cohesion based on shared expressions, knowledge, and skills in which things function more or less the way they always have, minimal change

A

mechanical solidarity

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9
Q

social cohesion based on mutual interdependence on the context of extreme division of labor

A

organic solidarity

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10
Q

conditioning influence on our behavior of groups and societies of which are members

A

social constrant

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11
Q

situation in which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior. covid 19 and masks

A

anomie

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12
Q

karl Marx
economic system based on the private ownership of wealth, invested in reinvested in order to produce profit

A

capitalism

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13
Q

Max Weber
process by which modes of precise calculation and organization involving abstract rules and procedure

A

rationalism

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14
Q

social, economic and cultural life was becoming organized according to principles of efficiency

A

rationalization of society

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15
Q

organization marked by clear hierarchy of authority and existence of written rules of produce and staffed by full-time salaried officials

A

bureaucracy

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16
Q

translated auguste book to english

A

harriet martineau

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17
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois

A

argued Marx with social inequality

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18
Q

african americans see themselves both through their own eyes of society that demeans them

A

double consciousness

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19
Q

not a wall, but thin porus material through which we can see each other but we cannot pass through

A

veil

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20
Q

study of exchange of info through symbols and language that takes place in social interaction

A

symbolic interactionism

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21
Q

george herbert mead

A

argued we developed pur sense of self based on clues

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22
Q

social events can best be explained in terms of functions they perform

A

functionalism

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23
Q

functions of a type of social activity that are known to be intended by individuals involved in the activity. getting a degree

A

manifest functions

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24
Q

functional consequences that arent intended ot recognized by the members of a social system in which they occur

A

latent functions

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25
Q

people who possess the most power are people who most political economic and social resources

A

conflict theory

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26
Q

conflict is a normal feature of society

A

marxism

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27
Q

ability of individuals or members of a group to achieve aims or further the interest they hold

A

power

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28
Q

shared ideas or beliefs that serve to justify the interests of dominant groups

A

ideologies

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29
Q

uses critical/ conflict theory to examine society through the lens of race, law, and power

A

critical rare theory

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30
Q

gender, race, and social class overlap to create complex systems of social inequality

A

intersectionality

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31
Q

study of large scale groups

A

macrosocoilogy

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32
Q

study of intermediate social forces such as smaller scale groups

A

mesosociology

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33
Q

study of human behavior in context of face to face interaction

A

microsociology

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34
Q

socially approved sexual relationships between 2 individuals

A

marriage

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35
Q

physical objects that a society creates that influence people live

A

material culture

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36
Q

nonphysical components of culture

A

nonmaterial culture

37
Q

ideas held by individuals or groups about what’s desirable proper good or bad

A

values

38
Q

rules of content that specify appropriate behavior in a given

A

norms

39
Q

norms governing everyday behavior, whose violation raises comparatively little concern

A

folkways

40
Q

norms governing devient behavior. social disgust

A

taboos

41
Q

norms deemed necessary for welfare of society

A

mores

42
Q

formal norms deemed so necessary that they’re are codified and enforced by law

A

laws

43
Q

sociology recent emphasis on the importance of understanding the of culture in daily life

A

cultural turn

44
Q

subsistence derives from rearing of domesticated animals

A

postural societies

45
Q

means of subsistence are based on crop production

A

agrarian societies

46
Q

particular types of states, characteristic of the modern world

A

nation-states

47
Q

society whose economic system is engaged primarily in processing and control info

A

postindustrial societies

48
Q

accumulated cultural knowledge within a society that confers power and status

A

cultural capital

49
Q

who you know

A

social capital

50
Q

segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values differs from the pattern of the larger society. goth music

A

subsulture

51
Q

subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture. hippies

A

counterculture

52
Q

specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. keeps people out. animme

A

argot

53
Q

when members of one cultural group borrow element of another groups culture

A

cultural appropriation

54
Q

majority group and minority group combine to form a new group. melting pot

A

acculturation

55
Q

acceptance of minority group by majority population in which new group takes on values and norms of dominant culture

A

assimilation

56
Q

ethnic groups exist seperately equally in economic and political life

A

multiculturalism

57
Q

tendency to look other cultures through eyes of one cultures. judging others by standards

A

ethnocentrism

58
Q

practice of judging a society by its own standards

A

cultural relativism

59
Q

genes we inherit determine outcomes

A

nature

60
Q

attempts to explain behavior of both animals and humans in terms of biological principles

A

sociobiology

61
Q

find patterns of behavior that have genetic origins and that appear normal animals within a given species

A

instincts

62
Q

our density is primarily shaped by social influences

A

nurture

63
Q

set of beliefs and symbols expressing identification with national community

A

nationalism

64
Q

various transitions and stages people experience during their lives

A

life course

65
Q

socialization from infancy to early childhood

A

primarily socialization

66
Q

socialization from teenage through adult life

A

secondary socialization

67
Q

process of perpetuating values, norms, and social practices through socialization

A

social reproduction

68
Q

process where people learn new rules and norms upon entering a social world

A

resocilaization

69
Q

simulative socialization exercise that we utilize to prepare is for life events. parenting classes

A

anticipatory socialization

70
Q

groups of social contexts within which process of socialization takes place

A

agents of socialization

71
Q

informal values and expectations that influence other social factors

A

hidden curriculum

72
Q

friendship group made up of individuals of same age or social status

A

peer groups

73
Q

socially defined expectations of an individual in given status or social position

A

social roles

74
Q

characteristics that are attributed to individual by others

A

social identity

75
Q

single identity or status that overpowers all other identities one holds

A

master status

76
Q

human thought process involve perception, reasoning and remembering

A

cognition

77
Q

basis of consciousness in human individuals

A

social self

78
Q

socialized self that plans actions and judges

A

me

79
Q

acting self

A

I

80
Q

awareness of ones distinct social identity as a person seperate from others

A

self consciousness

81
Q

individual who is most important on the development of the slef

A

significant other

82
Q

attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society

A

generalized other

83
Q

relations we elicit on social situations

A

looking glass self

84
Q

jean piaget

A

sensory motor stage
preoperational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage

85
Q

gender differences center of possession or absense of penis

A

thoery of gender identity

86
Q

social norms assigned to each sex

A

gender roles

87
Q

learning of gender roles through social factors. schooling, media

A

gender role socialization

88
Q

nancy chodrow and carol gilligan

A
89
Q

verbal and nonverbal messages that older generations transmit to younger generations regarding the meaning and signficance of race

A

race socialization

sociology (2 decks)

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