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sociology > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

systematic study of the relationships between individual and society and of the consequences of differences

A

sociology

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2
Q

application of imagination thought to the asking and answering sociological questions

A

sociological imagination

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3
Q

underlying regularities or patterns in how people behave in their relationship with one another. example education, religion

A

social structure

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4
Q

idea or practice that a group of people agree exists. example assuming race

A

social construction

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5
Q

social processes through which children develop an awareness of social norms and values and achieve distinct sense of self

A

socialization

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6
Q

herbert spencer

A

argued that you work for what you get

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7
Q

aspects of social life that shape our actions as state assistance individuals

A

social facts

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8
Q

social cohesion based on shared expressions, knowledge, and skills in which things function more or less the way they always have, minimal change

A

mechanical solidarity

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9
Q

social cohesion based on mutual interdependence on the context of extreme division of labor

A

organic solidarity

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10
Q

conditioning influence on our behavior of groups and societies of which are members

A

social constrant

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11
Q

situation in which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior. covid 19 and masks

A

anomie

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12
Q

karl Marx
economic system based on the private ownership of wealth, invested in reinvested in order to produce profit

A

capitalism

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13
Q

Max Weber
process by which modes of precise calculation and organization involving abstract rules and procedure

A

rationalism

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14
Q

social, economic and cultural life was becoming organized according to principles of efficiency

A

rationalization of society

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15
Q

organization marked by clear hierarchy of authority and existence of written rules of produce and staffed by full-time salaried officials

A

bureaucracy

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16
Q

translated auguste book to english

A

harriet martineau

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17
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois

A

argued Marx with social inequality

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18
Q

african americans see themselves both through their own eyes of society that demeans them

A

double consciousness

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19
Q

not a wall, but thin porus material through which we can see each other but we cannot pass through

A

veil

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20
Q

study of exchange of info through symbols and language that takes place in social interaction

A

symbolic interactionism

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21
Q

george herbert mead

A

argued we developed pur sense of self based on clues

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22
Q

social events can best be explained in terms of functions they perform

A

functionalism

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23
Q

functions of a type of social activity that are known to be intended by individuals involved in the activity. getting a degree

A

manifest functions

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24
Q

functional consequences that arent intended ot recognized by the members of a social system in which they occur

A

latent functions

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25
people who possess the most power are people who most political economic and social resources
conflict theory
26
conflict is a normal feature of society
marxism
27
ability of individuals or members of a group to achieve aims or further the interest they hold
power
28
shared ideas or beliefs that serve to justify the interests of dominant groups
ideologies
29
uses critical/ conflict theory to examine society through the lens of race, law, and power
critical rare theory
30
gender, race, and social class overlap to create complex systems of social inequality
intersectionality
31
study of large scale groups
macrosocoilogy
32
study of intermediate social forces such as smaller scale groups
mesosociology
33
study of human behavior in context of face to face interaction
microsociology
34
socially approved sexual relationships between 2 individuals
marriage
35
physical objects that a society creates that influence people live
material culture
36
nonphysical components of culture
nonmaterial culture
37
ideas held by individuals or groups about what's desirable proper good or bad
values
38
rules of content that specify appropriate behavior in a given
norms
39
norms governing everyday behavior, whose violation raises comparatively little concern
folkways
40
norms governing devient behavior. social disgust
taboos
41
norms deemed necessary for welfare of society
mores
42
formal norms deemed so necessary that they're are codified and enforced by law
laws
43
sociology recent emphasis on the importance of understanding the of culture in daily life
cultural turn
44
subsistence derives from rearing of domesticated animals
postural societies
45
means of subsistence are based on crop production
agrarian societies
46
particular types of states, characteristic of the modern world
nation-states
47
society whose economic system is engaged primarily in processing and control info
postindustrial societies
48
accumulated cultural knowledge within a society that confers power and status
cultural capital
49
who you know
social capital
50
segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values differs from the pattern of the larger society. goth music
subsulture
51
subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture. hippies
counterculture
52
specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. keeps people out. animme
argot
53
when members of one cultural group borrow element of another groups culture
cultural appropriation
54
majority group and minority group combine to form a new group. melting pot
acculturation
55
acceptance of minority group by majority population in which new group takes on values and norms of dominant culture
assimilation
56
ethnic groups exist seperately equally in economic and political life
multiculturalism
57
tendency to look other cultures through eyes of one cultures. judging others by standards
ethnocentrism
58
practice of judging a society by its own standards
cultural relativism
59
genes we inherit determine outcomes
nature
60
attempts to explain behavior of both animals and humans in terms of biological principles
sociobiology
61
find patterns of behavior that have genetic origins and that appear normal animals within a given species
instincts
62
our density is primarily shaped by social influences
nurture
63
set of beliefs and symbols expressing identification with national community
nationalism
64
various transitions and stages people experience during their lives
life course
65
socialization from infancy to early childhood
primarily socialization
66
socialization from teenage through adult life
secondary socialization
67
process of perpetuating values, norms, and social practices through socialization
social reproduction
68
process where people learn new rules and norms upon entering a social world
resocilaization
69
simulative socialization exercise that we utilize to prepare is for life events. parenting classes
anticipatory socialization
70
groups of social contexts within which process of socialization takes place
agents of socialization
71
informal values and expectations that influence other social factors
hidden curriculum
72
friendship group made up of individuals of same age or social status
peer groups
73
socially defined expectations of an individual in given status or social position
social roles
74
characteristics that are attributed to individual by others
social identity
75
single identity or status that overpowers all other identities one holds
master status
76
human thought process involve perception, reasoning and remembering
cognition
77
basis of consciousness in human individuals
social self
78
socialized self that plans actions and judges
me
79
acting self
I
80
awareness of ones distinct social identity as a person seperate from others
self consciousness
81
individual who is most important on the development of the slef
significant other
82
attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society
generalized other
83
relations we elicit on social situations
looking glass self
84
jean piaget
sensory motor stage preoperational stage concrete operational stage formal operational stage
85
gender differences center of possession or absense of penis
thoery of gender identity
86
social norms assigned to each sex
gender roles
87
learning of gender roles through social factors. schooling, media
gender role socialization
88
nancy chodrow and carol gilligan
89
verbal and nonverbal messages that older generations transmit to younger generations regarding the meaning and signficance of race
race socialization

sociology (2 decks)

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