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Animal Nutrition > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a diet?

A

A mixture of feed ingredients

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2
Q

Do animals have specific feed requirements OR specific nutrient requirements?

A

Specific nutrient requirements

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3
Q

What are the 6 nutrients?

A

Water
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Proteins
Minerals

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4
Q

What is the fancy word for vomiting?

A

Regurgitation

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5
Q

What is digestion?

A

break down of feed

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6
Q

Provide one example of a monogastric animal

A

Dog

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7
Q

Provide one function of the monogastric stomach

A

Acid Secretion

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8
Q

Give one reason why the stomach is very acidic?

A

Unfold proteins

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9
Q

List the 3 sections of the small intestine in order

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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10
Q

Which section of the small intestine does most digestion take place?

A

Duodenum

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11
Q

What are the fingerlike projections in the small intestine called?

A

Villi

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12
Q

List the 3 sections of the large intestine in order

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

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13
Q

Provide one function of the large intestine

A

water absorption

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14
Q

Name an organ that is missing in horses

A

Gallbladder

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15
Q

Which section of the horse digestive tract is very big and has microbial fermentation?

A

Large Intestine (hindgut)

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16
Q

What is another name for abdominal pain in horses?

A

Colic

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17
Q

What is the function of the “crop” in the poultry digestive tract?

A

Food storage

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18
Q

Name the poultry organ that reduces particle size by grinding

A

Gizzard

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19
Q

Which poultry organ is similar to the stomach of a pig?

A

Proventriculus

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20
Q

How many “ceca” do poultry have?

A

2

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21
Q

Which absorption process requires the use of a protein transporter but not energy?

A

Facilitated diffusion

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22
Q

Which absorption process requires energy?

A

Active transport

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23
Q

Which absorption process does NOT require a protein transporter or energy?

A

Simple diffusion

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24
Q

Briefly explain the difference between a “fore stomach” and a “hindgut”

A

Forestomach - before small intestine
Hindgut - after small intestine

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25
List the 4 stomach compartments of a ruminant animal
Rumen Reticulum Omasum Abomasum
26
Which stomach compartment functions as a fermentation chamber?
Rumen
27
Which compartment is considered the "true stomach"?
Abomasum
28
Which compartment has a honeycomb structure?
Reticulum
29
Which stomach compartment has water absorption as its primary function?
Omasum
30
Which stomach compartment houses billions of microorganisms?
Rumen
31
What are the 4 steps of rumination in order?
1. Regurgitation 2. Remastication 3. Resalivation 4. Reswallow
32
How many hours a day do cattle normally spend ruminating?
12-14 hours
33
What scientific term describes the belching of gas?
Eructation
34
Name 2 types of microorganisms in the rumen
Bacteria Protozoa
35
What is the ideal pH range in the rumen?
6.2 - 6.8
36
Of the 3 microbial habitats in the rumen, which one do most rumen microbes live in?
Solid phase (feed particles)
37
Give 1 example of how rumen microbes benefit the host animal.
Allow fiber digestion
38
Briefly describe one advantage of rumen contractions
Brings microbes in contact with feed particles
39
Which type of bacteria are responsible for digesting cellulose?
Fibrolytic bacteria
40
List the 3 volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced during rumen fermentation and describe how each VFA is used by the host animal
Acetate - used to make fat Propionate - used to make glucose Butyrate - make fat and ketone bodies
41
Give 1 example of a non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compound
Urea
42
Name 1 vitamin produced by rumen bacteria.
Vitamin K
43
Where is most body water located (inside of cells or outside of cells)?
Inside
44
List 2 functions of water in the body
Component of urine Component of waste removal
45
Besides drinking water, what are the other 2 sources of water for animals?
Feed water Metabolic water
46
Give one example of a body water loss
Milk Production
47
An increase in dry matter intake is likely to have what effect on water intake?
Increase
48
Feeding a diet high in fiber will have what effect on water intake?
Increase
49
Feeding a diet high in protein will have what effect on water intake?
Increase
50
What effect will hot weather have on an animal's water consumption?
Increase
51
Name 1 example of a pentose sugar
Ribose
52
Name 1 example of a hexose sugar
Glucose
53
What 2 sugars (monosaccharides) are linked together in Lactose?
Glucose and galactose
54
What 2 sugars (monosaccharides) are linked together in Sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
55
What 2 sugars (monosaccharides) are linked together in Maltose?
2 glucose
56
Name 2 polysaccharides composed entirely of glucose units.
Starch Cellulose
57
Name a chemical bond in carbohydrates that can easily be broken down by animal enzymes like pancreatic amylase
Alpha bonds
58
Name a chemical bond in carbohydrates that can only be broken by microbial enzymes such as cellulase
Beta bonds
59
Of the 3 forms of starch present in nature, which form of starch is found in the liver and muscle of animals?
Glycogen
60
Name the 3 cell wall components found in NDF (neutral detergent fiber).
Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin
61
Describe the process of amylose digestion in monogastric animals.
1. Pancreatic amylase breaks down amylose to maltose 2. Maltase enzyme breaks down maltose to glucose
62
Describe the process of amylopectin digestion in monogastric animals.
1. Pancreatic amylase breaks down amylopectin to amylodextrins 2. Isomaltase enzyme breaks down amylodextrins to maltose 3. Maltase enzyme breaks down maltose to glucose
63
Describe the process of cellulose digestion in the rumen
1. Microbial cellulase breaks down cellulose to cellobiose 2. Cellobiase breaks down cellobiose to glucose
64
Monogastric Digestive system
Mouth - chew Esophagus - transport to stomach Stomach - acid production Small intestine - duodenum (digestion), jejunum and ileum (absorption) Large intestine - site of water absorption
65
Chicken Digestive System
Beak - pick up food Esophagus - transport Crop - food storage Proventriculus (true stomach) - acid production Gizzard - grind feed particles Small intestine - digestion and absorption Large intestine: ceca - blind pouch (fermentation), colon - water absorption, cloaca - excretes uric acid

Animal Nutrition (4 decks)

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