Exam 1

Question 1

Signals cross from one neuron to the next by way of

Answer 1

Chemical neurotransmitters

Question 2

The saclike structures in the presynaptic terminal are call ____ and are filled with ____

Answer 2

Synaptic vesicles; neurotransmitter molecules

Question 3

True or false: synapses can only exist between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following does not include the classical neurotransmitters: nueropeptided, amino acids, acetylcholine, or monoamines

Answer 4

Neuropeptides

Question 5

Which of the following is not a monoamine neurotransmitter ? Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, or glutamate?

Answer 5

Glutamate

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is basically a category by itself ?

Answer 6

Acetylcholine

Question 7

What class of neurotransmitters is carried via anterograde axoplasmic transport ?

Answer 7

Neuropeptides

Question 8

The liver and kidneys work together to ___ and ____ drugs respectively

Answer 8

Metabolize, excrete

Question 9

Neurons rely on ___ for protection metabolic support and insulation

Answer 9

Glial cells

Question 10

The function of the axon is to transmit the ___ , which is generated at the ____, to the terminals

Answer 10

Action potential; axon hillock

Question 11

With regard to glial cells, _____ form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system ( brain and spinal cord), while ___ do things like help form the blood-brain barrier and collect used neurotransmitter following release from the terminal

Answer 11

Oligodendroglia; astrocytes

Question 12

Anterograde axoplasmic transport serves to move neurotransmitter molecules from ___ to ___

Answer 12

Soma to terminal

Question 13

The primary immune response in the CNS comes from the action of

Answer 13

Microglia

Question 14

The ___ is best described as the result of the selective permeability of the neuronal membrane and the uneven distribution of ions inside and outside the cell.

Answer 14

Resting membrane potential

Question 15

The sodium-potassium pump helps to maintain the ____ by pumping three NA+ ions out for every two k+ ions pumped into the cell

Answer 15

Resting membrane potential

Question 16

The term “hyperpolarization” refers to

Answer 16

Movement of the resting membrane potential farther from threshold (more negative).

Question 17

Excitatory postsynaptic potential’s can be caused by ____channels opening while inhibitory postsynaptic potential’s can be caused by ___channels opening

Answer 17

Na+; Cl- or k+

Question 18

Potential difference in a rated at the axon hillock, because this is where ___ are located

Answer 18

Voltage gated NA+ channels

Question 19

Which statement about local potentials are false ?
They occur only if threshold is reached
They are generated on the dendrites and cell body
They move passively along the membrane
They are integrated at the axon hillock

Answer 19

They occur only if threshold is reached

Question 20

Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine,
Have their effects by blocking ____

Answer 20

Voltage gated NA+ channels

Question 21

The ___ and ___ nervous system are components of the peripheral nervous system and what information about the internal and external environment, repsictively

Answer 21

Autonomic ; somatic

Question 22

The ___ of the spinal cord is made up of myelinated axons that carries signals in the ascending direction to the brain and the descending direction for cortical control of muscle contraction

Answer 22

White matter

Question 23

The neural network that regulates motivation and emotion is the

Answer 23

Limbic system

Question 24

Which brain, structure, regulates the body’s respiration and heart rate

Answer 24

Medulla

Question 25

Of the forebrain structure as we discussed, the ___ percent really involved in regulating movement and the___ are involved in emotion, motivated behavior and memory

Answer 25

Basal ganglia; limbic system

Question 26

Structural unit of information transmission between two nerve cells. It consists of the presynaptic nerve terminal, the synaptic cleft, and a small area of the postsynaptic cell (typically associated with a dendrite or region of the cell body) that receives the incoming signal

Answer 26

Synapse

Question 27

Small gap, about 20 nm wide, between the presynaptic and postsynaptic cels

Answer 27

Synaptic cleft

Question 28

Neuron at a synapse that transmits a signal to the postsynaptic cel

Answer 28

Presynaptic cell

Question 29

Neuron at a synapse that receives a signal from the presynaptic cel

Answer 29

Postsynaptic cell

Question 30

Sac like structures located in the axon terminal that are filled with molecules or neurotransmitter

Answer 30

Synaptic vesicles

Question 31

Essential building blocks of proteins, some of which also act as neurotransmitters

Answer 31

Amino acids

Question 32

Refers to a compound or transmitter that contains a single amine group

Answer 32

Monoamines

Question 33

List amino acids neurotransmitters

Answer 33

Glutamate Y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Glycine

Question 34

List monoamines

Answer 34

Dopamine (da) Norepinephrine Serotonin Histamine

Question 35

What type/ class of neurotransmitters are the classic ones ?

Answer 35

Amino acids, monoamines, Acetylcholine, purines

Question 36

Small proteins (3 to 40 amino acids long) in the nervous system that act as neurotransmitters or Neuromodulation

Answer 36

Neuropeptides

Question 37

Name an important lipid neurotransmitter

Answer 37

Anandamide

Question 38

Chemicals that don’t follow the typical neurotransmitter model. They may regulate neurotransmitter activity or act at distant sites from point of release

Answer 38

Neuromodulators

Question 39

Chemical that is used to make the product formed in a biochemical pathway

Answer 39

Precursor

Question 40

Fatty molecules in the body. Major component of cel membranes and some of them act as neurotransmitters

Answer 40

Lipids

Question 41

Substance in the ___ phase that acts as neurotransmitters in the body

Answer 41

Gases

Question 42

The chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian cns. It’s principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

Answer 42

GABA (y-aminobutyric acid)

Question 43

An excitatory neurotransmitter with several types of receptors found throughout the cns, it’s metabolism is important to maintaining optimal levels within extra cellular space. Important to memory cognition and mood regulation

Answer 43

Glutamate

Question 44

A neurotransmitter that plays a role in memory learning attention arousal and involuntary muscle movement

Answer 44

Acetylcholine

Question 45

Glial cels that myelinate nerve axons of the CNS.

Answer 45

Oligodendroglia

Question 46

Where would you find the synapse in relation to a neuron ?

Answer 46

The junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another through which the two neurons communicate