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Drugs And The Brain > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Signals cross from one neuron to the next by way of

A

Chemical neurotransmitters

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2
Q

The saclike structures in the presynaptic terminal are call ____ and are filled with ____

A

Synaptic vesicles; neurotransmitter molecules

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3
Q

True or false: synapses can only exist between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another

A

False

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4
Q

Which of the following does not include the classical neurotransmitters: nueropeptided, amino acids, acetylcholine, or monoamines

A

Neuropeptides

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5
Q

Which of the following is not a monoamine neurotransmitter ? Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, or glutamate?

A

Glutamate

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6
Q

Which neurotransmitter is basically a category by itself ?

A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

What class of neurotransmitters is carried via anterograde axoplasmic transport ?

A

Neuropeptides

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8
Q

The liver and kidneys work together to ___ and ____ drugs respectively

A

Metabolize, excrete

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9
Q

Neurons rely on ___ for protection metabolic support and insulation

A

Glial cells

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10
Q

The function of the axon is to transmit the ___ , which is generated at the ____, to the terminals

A

Action potential; axon hillock

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11
Q

With regard to glial cells, _____ form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system ( brain and spinal cord), while ___ do things like help form the blood-brain barrier and collect used neurotransmitter following release from the terminal

A

Oligodendroglia; astrocytes

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12
Q

Anterograde axoplasmic transport serves to move neurotransmitter molecules from ___ to ___

A

Soma to terminal

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13
Q

The primary immune response in the CNS comes from the action of

A

Microglia

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14
Q

The ___ is best described as the result of the selective permeability of the neuronal membrane and the uneven distribution of ions inside and outside the cell.

A

Resting membrane potential

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15
Q

The sodium-potassium pump helps to maintain the ____ by pumping three NA+ ions out for every two k+ ions pumped into the cell

A

Resting membrane potential

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16
Q

The term “hyperpolarization” refers to

A

Movement of the resting membrane potential farther from threshold (more negative).

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17
Q

Excitatory postsynaptic potential’s can be caused by ____channels opening while inhibitory postsynaptic potential’s can be caused by ___channels opening

A

Na+; Cl- or k+

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18
Q

Potential difference in a rated at the axon hillock, because this is where ___ are located

A

Voltage gated NA+ channels

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19
Q

Which statement about local potentials are false ?
They occur only if threshold is reached
They are generated on the dendrites and cell body
They move passively along the membrane
They are integrated at the axon hillock

A

They occur only if threshold is reached

20
Q

Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine,
Have their effects by blocking ____

A

Voltage gated NA+ channels

21
Q

The ___ and ___ nervous system are components of the peripheral nervous system and what information about the internal and external environment, repsictively

A

Autonomic ; somatic

22
Q

The ___ of the spinal cord is made up of myelinated axons that carries signals in the ascending direction to the brain and the descending direction for cortical control of muscle contraction

A

White matter

23
Q

The neural network that regulates motivation and emotion is the

A

Limbic system

24
Q

Which brain, structure, regulates the body’s respiration and heart rate

A

Medulla

25
Q

Of the forebrain structure as we discussed, the ___ percent really involved in regulating movement and the___ are involved in emotion, motivated behavior and memory

A

Basal ganglia; limbic system

26
Q

Structural unit of information transmission between two nerve cells. It consists of the presynaptic nerve terminal, the synaptic cleft, and a small area of the postsynaptic cell (typically associated with a dendrite or region of the cell body) that receives the incoming signal

A

Synapse

27
Q

Small gap, about 20 nm wide, between the presynaptic and postsynaptic cels

A

Synaptic cleft

28
Q

Neuron at a synapse that transmits a signal to the postsynaptic cel

A

Presynaptic cell

29
Q

Neuron at a synapse that receives a signal from the presynaptic cel

A

Postsynaptic cell

30
Q

Sac like structures located in the axon terminal that are filled with molecules or neurotransmitter

A

Synaptic vesicles

31
Q

Essential building blocks of proteins, some of which also act as neurotransmitters

A

Amino acids

32
Q

Refers to a compound or transmitter that contains a single amine group

A

Monoamines

33
Q

List amino acids neurotransmitters

A

Glutamate
Y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Glycine

34
Q

List monoamines

A

Dopamine (da)
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Histamine

35
Q

What type/ class of neurotransmitters are the classic ones ?

A

Amino acids, monoamines, Acetylcholine, purines

36
Q

Small proteins (3 to 40 amino acids long) in the nervous system that act as neurotransmitters or Neuromodulation

A

Neuropeptides

37
Q

Name an important lipid neurotransmitter

A

Anandamide

38
Q

Chemicals that don’t follow the typical neurotransmitter model. They may regulate neurotransmitter activity or act at distant sites from point of release

A

Neuromodulators

39
Q

Chemical that is used to make the product formed in a biochemical pathway

A

Precursor

40
Q

Fatty molecules in the body. Major component of cel membranes and some of them act as neurotransmitters

A

Lipids

41
Q

Substance in the ___ phase that acts as neurotransmitters in the body

A

Gases

42
Q

The chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian cns. It’s principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

A

GABA (y-aminobutyric acid)

43
Q

An excitatory neurotransmitter with several types of receptors found throughout the cns, it’s metabolism is important to maintaining optimal levels within extra cellular space. Important to memory cognition and mood regulation

A

Glutamate

44
Q

A neurotransmitter that plays a role in memory learning attention arousal and involuntary muscle movement

A

Acetylcholine

45
Q

Glial cels that myelinate nerve axons of the CNS.

A

Oligodendroglia

46
Q

Where would you find the synapse in relation to a neuron ?

A

The junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another through which the two neurons communicate

Drugs And The Brain (12 decks)

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