Exam 1

Question 1

What are the 4 D’s of psychological disorders?

Answer 1

Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger

Question 2

Different/unusual/extreme

Answer 2

Deviance

Question 3

Upset; unpleasant emotional reaction

Answer 3

Distress

Question 4

Impairment; interference (ex. work, relationships)

Answer 4

Dysfunction

Question 5

Suicidal ideation; harmful/hurtful ideation

Answer 5

Danger

Question 6

How have ancient times viewed psychopathology?

Answer 6

Evil spirits, witchcraft (treatment: exorcism)

Question 7

How have greeks & romans viewed psychopathology?

Answer 7

Imbalance of bodily humors, ex. melancholia = too much “black bile” (treatment: baths, massage, bloodletting)

Question 8

How have the middle ages viewed psychopathology?

Answer 8

Demonology (treatment: exorcism)

Question 9

How have the renaissance viewed psychopathology?

Answer 9

Problems in mind (treatment: asylums (warehouse); ex. Bethlehem Hospital (Bedlam), Lunatics’ Tower in Vienna)

Question 10

How have the 19th century viewed psychopathology?

Answer 10

Problems in mind (treatment: moral and humane long-term hospitalization)

Question 11

How have the 20th century viewed psychopathology?

Answer 11

Physical causes & psych causes; 2 new perspectives: somatogenic and psychogenic (treatment: inpatient/outpatient therapy + psychotropic medications)

Question 12

Emphasizes moral guidance and humane and respectful techniques

Answer 12

Moral treatment

Question 13

Psychopathology that has physical/bio causes (ex. decrease of serotonin causes depression, so the treatment is SSRIs)

Answer 13

Somatogenic Perspective

Question 14

Psychopathology that has psych causes (ex. environmental loss causes depression, so the treatment is therapy to challenge negative thinking; think, feel, behave)

Answer 14

Psychogenic Perspective

Question 15

What are the models of psychopathology?

Answer 15

Biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and sociocultural

Question 16

I. Definition
II. Neurons
III. Chemical problems: Abnormal neurotransmitter activity
IV. Structural problems: Brain abnormalities
V. Treatment
– Drug therapy

Answer 16

Biological Model

Question 17

I. Freud (1842-1939)
II. Unconscious motivation
III. Childhood experiences
IV. Id, Ego, Superego
V. Treatment
– Interpret unconscious conflicts
– Free association
– Dream analysis

Answer 17

Psychodynamic Model

Question 18

Seeking gratification; repository of our sex. and aggressive wishes; PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

Answer 18

Id

Question 19

Seeks to have your needs met, but in accordance; REALITY PRINCIPLE

Answer 19

Ego

Question 20

Internalized ideals/values/conscience; parents’ value system

Answer 20

Superego

Question 21

I. Definition
II. Mechanisms for explaining psychopathology:
A. Classical conditioning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Modeling (Bandura)
III. Treatment
A. Exposure (e.g., systematic desensitization)
B. Increase rewards

Answer 21

Behavioral Model

Question 22

US –> UR
US + neutral stim –> UR
CS –> CR

Answer 22

Classical Conditioning

Question 23

Positive & negative reinforcement (increased behavior)
Extinction and punishment (decreased behavior)

Answer 23

Operant Conditioning

Question 24

I. Definition
II. Key Terms:
A. Assumptions/Attributions
B. Illogical/Irrational thinking
III. Therapy – Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
“Thoughts, behaviors, feelings (triangle)”

Answer 24

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Model

Question 25

I. Key Player: Carl Rogers II. Positive view of human behavior III. We're driven toward self-actualization Tenants of Therapy: Empathy, Genuineness, Positive regard --> Strong Therapeutic Relationship

Answer 25

Humanistic Model

Question 26

I. Definition II. Explanation for psychopathology? A. Family structure and communication B. Role of culture C. Role of social networks/support D. Societal conditions/roles

Answer 26

Sociocultural Model

Question 27

Face-to-face interview, often 1st contact with patient Unstructured or structured

Answer 27

Clinical Interviews

Question 28

Open-ended (ex. "Tell me more about yourself"; "what brings you in today") Psychodynamic & Humanistic

Answer 28

Unstructured Clinical Interview

Question 29

Specific questions, often with response options (ex. "Have you ever had a period of time where you felt high or hyper most of the time?") Cognitive, Behavioral, & CBT

Answer 29

Structured Clinical Interview

Question 30

Common steps to follow

Answer 30

Standardized

Question 31

Consistency of assessment measures. Same score/result over time

Answer 31

Reliability

Question 32

Accuracy of assessment measures. Measures what you think it measures

Answer 32

Validity

Question 33

Two categories of assessment

Answer 33

Clinical Interviews and Clinical Tests

Question 34

*Projective Tests, Personality Inventories, Response Inventories*, Psychophysiological Tests, Neurological Tests, Intelligence Tests

Answer 34

Different Types of Clinical Tests

Question 35

- Patient "projects" elements of personality onto vague stimuli - Ex.: - Rorschach - Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Sentence Completion Test - Draw-a-Person Test

Answer 35

Projective Tests

Question 36

Self administered tests (ex. MMPI, has 500+ T/F questions)

Answer 36

Personality Inventories

Question 37

AKA.. Paper & Pencil Measures, Self-Report Measures

Answer 37

Response Inventories