Exam 1

Question 1

What is an experimental research design?

Answer 1

a researcher manipulates or controls one thing

Question 2

What are the (3) elements of experimental research design?

Answer 2

IV, DV, control

Question 3

What is correlational research design?

Answer 3

measures how things naturally occur (no manipulation)

Question 4

What is qualitative research?

Answer 4

interviews and observations

Question 5

what is one con of qualitative research?

Answer 5

may not be super generalizeable

Question 6

longitudial research

Answer 6

one person… im in it for the long haul!

Question 7

cross-sectional

Answer 7

multiple ages compared at once

Question 8

what is correlation coefficient?

Answer 8

measures how closely variables are related

Question 9

Effect size

Answer 9

measures how much more effective one intervention is than another

Question 10

Reliability

Answer 10

reliability is repeadtedly

Question 11

validity

Answer 11

degree to which assessment measures what it is intended to

Question 12

genotype

Answer 12

the genes in you

Question 13

phenotype

Answer 13

observable characteristics

Question 14

what is myelination?

Answer 14

neurons are coated with this and it allows messages to travel further and faster

Question 15

what is synaptogensis?

Answer 15

extreme over production of synapses

Question 16

what is synaptic pruning

Answer 16

brain basically gets rid of information that isn’t needed… aka loss of synapses

Question 17

what is the limbic system

Answer 17

the reward center of brain

Question 18

hippocampus

Answer 18

memory

Question 19

cingulate gyrus

Answer 19

involved in problem solving

Question 20

amygdala

Answer 20

emotions

Question 21

motor development

Answer 21

changes in control and proficiency in movement… changes in fine and gross motor skills

Question 22

shared environment

Answer 22

factors that make (siblings) similar to each other

Question 23

non shared environment

Answer 23

factors that make (siblings) different from eachother

Question 24

what is brain plasticity?

Answer 24

brains ability to rewire itself

Question 25

Information Processing Model

Answer 25

a model of cognition that focuses on how children acquire, store, and use knowledge....explains how learners use information

Question 26

One characteristic of behaviorism is an emphasis on...

Answer 26

observable events

Question 27

Dependent variable

Answer 27

what is being measured

Question 28

Independent Variable

Answer 28

what is manipulated, what is changed

Question 29

what is another name for the independent variable in a research study?

Answer 29

explanatory variable (explains what happens)

Question 30

Relative to other types of research studies, longitudinal studies have a higher risk of.....

Answer 30

attrition

Question 31

what is not typically associated with puberty?

Answer 31

reduction in activity level

Question 32

A substance taken by a pregnant mother that can permanently damage an embryo's growth is called...

Answer 32

teratogen

Question 33

What theorists that we learned about have the strongest maturationist views?

Answer 33

Arnold Gesell

Question 34

what is the term for something whose removal increases the probability of a behavior?

Answer 34

negative reinforcement

Question 35

What is not an example of Constructivist instruction?

Answer 35

direct instruction

Question 36

Maturationist

Answer 36

idea that waiting for a child to mature biologically is the logical answer

Question 37

Heritability Estimate

Answer 37

amount of variation that is due to genes

Question 38

What does prefrontal cortex do?

Answer 38

directs activity in other parts of brain... important in working memory and emotions

Question 39

What is behaviorism

Answer 39

the scientific study of observable behavior... believe that behavior is learned

Question 40

what is classical conditioning

Answer 40

creating situations that result in learning

Question 41

is classical conditioning voluntary or involuntary

Answer 41

involuntary

Question 42

who is main person with classical conditioning

Answer 42

pavlov (dogs) and Watson (Albert)

Question 43

who is main person associated with behaviorism?

Answer 43

John Watson

Question 44

what is operant conditioning

Answer 44

learning behavior through consequences

Question 45

is operant conditioning voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 45

voluntary

Question 46

what is shaping

Answer 46

basically just baby steps and lots of instructions

Question 47

what conditioning is shaping part of?

Answer 47

operant conditioning

Question 48

Explain constructivism theory

Answer 48

knowledge must be constructed by learner... cannot place knowledge into someones head

Question 49

what is object permanence

Answer 49

the knowledge that objects that are out of view continue to exist

Question 50

how much help each kid needs for each lesson is...

Answer 50

Zone Proximal Development

Question 51

Private Speech

Answer 51

talking to ones self

Question 52

What is social learning theory?

Answer 52

model behavior

Question 53

what experiment is famous for SLT

Answer 53

bandura bobo doll

Question 54

Long term memory

Answer 54

relatively permanent storage of information

Question 55

working memory

Answer 55

where items are temporarily held for encoding or processing

Question 56

Executive functions

Answer 56

the brains control of its own information processing

Question 57

Scaffolding

Answer 57

basically getting help from masters