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Native American Experience > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Greed

A

The cause of all suffering

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2
Q

What do we do with visions?

A

-Share them with others
-Vision is not yours because it was shared by the Great Spirit and therefore belongs to everyone

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3
Q

5 Components of Red Cloud’s Vision

A
  1. A flash of light which emanates from something invisible to the human eye.
  2. A disease related to man’s lust
  3. Racial hatred and seperation
  4. We destroy nature so that it cannot sustain us
  5. We give away our Spirit as a people and lose connection with life-giving forces within our culture.
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4
Q

Something is true….

A

when you believe it. That is all that matters.

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5
Q

The Circle

A

-The Power of the World always works in circles and everything tries to be round
-The wind, in its greatest power whirls
-Birds make their nests in circles for theirs is the same religion as ours
-The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle
-Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing and always come back again to where they were
-The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood

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6
Q

East (Yellow)

A

-direction from which the sun comes.
-the beginning of a new day
-representative of wisdom helping people live better lives

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7
Q

South (Red)

A

-When sun is at its highest point
-stands for warmth and growing
-Sun’s rays are powerful, drawing life from Earth
-Life of all things comes from the South
-All warm and pleasant winds come from the South

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8
Q

West (Black)

A

-Where the sun sets and the day ends
-Signifies the end of life
-Thunderbird lives in the west and sends thunder and rain from its direction
-Source of water
-Nothing can live without water so West is vital

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9
Q

North (white)

A

-brings cold, harsh winds of the winter season
-These winds are cleansing
-If someone has learned to face the winds like the buffalo in a storm, they have learned patience and endurance.
-stands for hardships and discomfort for people
-represents the trials people must endure and the cleansing they must undergo

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10
Q

ABOVE (Father Sky)

A

-points us toward infinity/ eternal life
-His color is blue like the sky
-provides air and life to people

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11
Q

BELOW (Mother Earth)

A

-Mother Earth stands for existence and Life itself
-Her color is brown
-She provides sustenance and expects respect in return from the people

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12
Q

INSIDE

A

-determines the utility of all directions
-the center is green, signifying life
-inner self, spirit, soul are all located in the center

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13
Q

Storytelling

A

-Certain tribes classify and tell stories differently but there are some patterns
-Can encompass narratives that are viewed as truthful accounts of events in the ancient past.
-All tribes posses a unique narrative of the creation of the world
-Folktales: told across generations but are not seen as representing truths
-Legends: set in more present eras, aspects cannot necessarily be confirmed
-Listeners often make their own judgements about truth
-Most cultural aspects passed down through storytelling
-Communities possess rules and procedures for their telling (spitting on the ground after the conclusion of the story)

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14
Q

The Human Spirit

A

-sacredness of each person’s individual spiritual path
-sacredness of all life

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15
Q

Coyote Teacher

A

-does not give answers to questions
-challenges the seeker to learn for himself
-Seeker has to be creative and think on their path to wisdom
-all around us
-continue to give us signposts and the path to follow

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16
Q

Eastern Religious Philosophy

A

-Truth is given and does not have to be proved
-Collectivism is stronger
-Spiritual Approach
-Meditation
-Winning is internal

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17
Q

Western Religious Philosophy

A

-Truth needs to be proven
-Individualism is stronger
-Pragmatic/ materialistic approach
-Analysis
-Winning is external

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18
Q

Uses for the Buffalo

A

-Brain: food, hide preparation
-Tendons: sewing thread, bowstrings
-Bladder: medecine bags, pouches
-Gall: yellow paints
-Chips: fuel, diaper powder

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19
Q

From where did Indians come to this continent?

A

Migrated from Asia across the Bering Strait to Alaska and then to the Continental U.S.

20
Q

Mitakuye Oyasin

A

-All my relations
-Lakota prayer
-Petition the Great Spirit on behalf of everyone and everything on this Earth
-Strengthens not only the person who prays but also the whole planet

21
Q

Wakan

A

-literally means energy
-knows all the things people need to know but do not yet know
-The spirit is given to man at birth
-Anything food is wakan because it is life
-Wakan person is wise and communicates with the spirits
-Medicine is wakan because it keeps life in the body
-Children are wakan because they are pure
-Ceremonies are wakan because they bring people together
-Spirit of every living thing is wakan

22
Q

“Good Indian”

A

-Not blood, what is in the heart
-Love for the land
-Respect for land and those who inhabit it
-Respect and acknowledgement of the Spirits and the Elders
-Everything is sacred

23
Q

Eagle

A

spirit

24
Q

Snake

A

transmutation

25
Q

The Indian Removal Act (1830)

A

-Signed by president Andrew Jackson
-Allowed him to sign into law the ability to negotiate with the Natives for their removal to land west of the Mississippi in exchange for their homelands
-Supreme court declared Indians could occupy lands but not claim title to them
-Removal was supposed to be voluntary
-Strongly supported in the South where the 5 civilized tribes resided
-Jackson hoped it would solve the conflict

26
Q

Trail of Tears

A

-Began with Indian Removal Act which was eventually declared invalid by the Supreme Court who considered the Cherokee a sovereign nation.
-Cherokee were divided and Treaty was eventually passed by the Senate for their removal
-7,000 soldiers herded the Cherokee off their land into makeshift forts after which they were forced to march 1,000 miles
-Soldiers had little regard for the people and human losses were extremely high especially for the first group
-Had to march during the brutal winter
-4,000 Cherokee died and the route they traversed became known as the Trail of Tears
-Occurred from Georgia to Oklahoma

27
Q

Cherokee Rose

A

-Rose arose wherever a mother’s tear fell to give them strength to go forward.
-Rose is white, for the tears of the mothers
-Gold center: gold taken from Cherokee lands
-Seven leaves on each stem represent both the seven Cherokee clans that made the journey and the Seven directions
-Only prospers along the Trail of Tears

28
Q

Little Big Horn/ Greasy Grass

A

-Spring of 1876
-President Grant allowed Custer to fight despite bad reputation
-Supposed to be 1,000 Indians in the area but instead there were closer to 3,000 with many well-experienced warriors
-Custer’s instructions were to find the Indians and then wait for reinforcements but he instead pushed ahead.
-Incomplete Indian victory
-Used as an example of the savagery of the Indians who massacred Custer’s army
-Rallying point for the U.S. against the Indians
-Only site in the U.S. where a military hero who lost a battle is commemorated
-Custer, South Dakota is considered one of the most racist towns in America

29
Q

Effect of Reservation Boarding Schools

A

-Purpose was to civilize Indians
-Forced labor and assimilation
-Detrimental to mental health for many Native students
-Negatively impacted the spread of the Native culture
-Meant to kill the Indian to save the man

30
Q

No word for religion

A

-White people told Natives they had to have a word for religion
-The word they came up with translates to life because the spirit exists in everything

31
Q

How did Gatewood gain Geronimo’s trust?

A

-learned his language
-Became familiar with the traditional practices of the Apache tribe

32
Q

Why did Geronimo spare the miners’ life?

A

-Needed someone to bring word back to the U.S. military that his might had won over the miners

33
Q

What was Gatewood’s reward?

A

Geranimo surrendered to him and credited him their peaceful surrender

34
Q

Truths come from the….

A

spirit (visions) and the ancestors

35
Q

Prepare the children for the _____ generation

A

7th

36
Q

The Dawes Act (1887)

A

-Largest attempt at land claiming so far
-Allocated 160 plots of land to each Indian (excess was given to the white population)
-Direct attempt to force them into white civilization
-Must be put on the census list or they could be punished
-Census required them to list themselves under a white name
-rampant with corruption and abuse
-Repealed in 1934

37
Q

Wovoka

A

-Paiute Indian
-Received a special vision at 12
-Holy voice spoke to him saying that the Earth was tired and that the Great Spirit would renew it but only for the Indians
-All of the Indians who had died would come back to life and all of them would be young again and would enjoy the renewed Earth for forever
-The two requirements were that they must follow the words of Wovoka and had to prepare for the new world by preforming the sacred Ghost Dance

38
Q

Warrior

A

-Everyone is a warrior by fulfilling their warrior role
-Can be anything from washing dishes to fighting in battle
-Warrior= doing what the community needs

39
Q

The Ghost Dance Shirt

A

Whoever wore the Ghost Dance shirt with a renewed spirit would be invincible and could not be hurt in any way but the whites

40
Q

Reaction to the Ghost Dance by the U.S. Government

A

-Wovoka sent advertisement fliers to the government in the mail
-Initially believed that the craze would stop and identified the Ghost Dance as not being a problem
-The movement persisted and the government began to see it as a threat
-Government ordered that the Ghost Dance be stopped at all costs

41
Q

Reasons for Ghost Dance Outbreak

A

-Violations of Treaties
-Disease
-Cutting down of rations
-Military occupation of reservations
-Destruction of sacred lands

42
Q

Navajo Code Talkers

A

-Created a code the Japanese never broke
-Understanding of the language requires extensive training and exposure
-Could work for long stretches without a single error
-29 recruits assisted in the war effort
-Went unrecognized until 1992

43
Q

The Turtle

A

-13 moons and 28 days on all turtle shells
-This equals 364 days plus a day of rest
-Native peoples all understood the wisdom of the turtle and followed a 13 month calendar

44
Q

Owning Land

A

-Natives had difficulty having their state sovereignty recognized in court
-Many treaties were violated by the federal government and the people were powerless to stop it due to being outnumbered by the white people
-Owning land meant they had to pay taxes and when they could not do so, they were often evicted

45
Q

Churches on Indian Land

A

-All boarding schools were run by Catholic or Protestant believers
-This was the most widespread method of conversion

46
Q

Largest Treaty

A

Fort Laramie Treaty?

Native American Experience (2 decks)

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