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Native American Experience > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sweat Lodge: What do you say upon entering or leaving?

A

Mitakuye Oyasin

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2
Q

Sweat Lodge: What does the darkness in the sweat lodge signify?

A

Ignorance, symbolizes our connection and ability to feel the spirit without distraction of the physical

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3
Q

Sweat Lodge: What do you pray for?

A

To get whatever you need from the lodge

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4
Q

Sweat Lodge: Why do you kneel?

A

Symbolizes humility and connection with the spirit

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5
Q

Sweat Lodge: What do the first 7 rocks signify?

A

The seven directions

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6
Q

Significance of Smudging Before Ceremonies

A

-Before a person can be healed or heal another, one must be cleansed of any bad feelings, thoughts, spirits or negative energy
-Cleansing both spiritually and physically
-This helps the healing to come through in a clear way, without being distorted or sidetracked by negativity
-Ceremonies must be entered with a good heart in order to connect with the spiritual world.

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7
Q

The drumbeat

A

The heartbeat of Mother Earth

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8
Q

What is Heyoka?

A

-Mirror
-Shows us the other side of the mirror
-Exposes our follies

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9
Q

Black Elk: How old was he?

A

9 years old, waited to tell the vision because he thought he was too young for anyone to listen to him

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10
Q

Black Elk: 6th Grandfather

A

-Was Black Elk
-Represented Mother Earth

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11
Q

Black Elk: 5th Grandfather

A

Representing the Great Spirit

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12
Q

White Buffalo Calf Woman: Treatment of Braves

A

-One brave came with impure thoughts: was killed
-One brave came to take information back to the tribe

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13
Q

White Buffalo Calf Woman: What did she bring to the people?

A

the 7 ceremonies

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14
Q

White Buffalo Calf Woman: What did she turn into as she was leaving?

A

-Different colored Buffalo
-The 4 major races

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15
Q

4 parts of the Sacred Pipe

A

-Stem: wood
-Bowl: clay
-Picture: represents the animals
-Feathers: represent the winged people

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16
Q

Throwing the Ball Ceremony: What does the ball represent?

A

Wisdom

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17
Q

Throwing the Ball Ceremony: Who participates?

A

Only young girls

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18
Q

Sundance: What pierces the chest?

A

An eagle talon

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19
Q

Sundance: How long does it last?

A

4 days of dancing

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20
Q

Sundance: Who are the only people dancing and why?

A

Men, to show respect to women and the pain they feel for childbirth

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21
Q

Sundance: What is the rope attached to?

A

The tree of life in the middle

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22
Q

Vision Quest: How long?

A

4 days

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23
Q

Vision Quest: What are the preparations?

A

-Fast
-Pray
-Do a sweat lodge
-Do a saging

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24
Q

Vision Quest: How do you pick the place?

A

You don’t, it picks you

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25
Q

Purpose for the Talking Stick

A

-Allows members to present their own sacred point of view/ truth
-Passed from person to person
-You are only allowed to speak when holding the talking stick
-Each person must listen closely to the words being spoken so as not to repeat what was previously said or ask impertinent questions.

26
Q

Alcatraz: Why pick Alcatraz?

A

-First thing you see when you come to America from the Pacific is Alcatraz island
-Just like a reservation: no running water, no food, no sanitation
-Symbolism of Indians going to a prison

27
Q

Alcatraz: Name of the boat that transported them to Alcatraz?

A

Monte Cristo

28
Q

Alcatraz: What did they intend to create on Alcatraz?

A

-A center for Native American Studies
-An American Indian Spiritual Center
-An ecology center
-An American Indian Museum

29
Q

Alcatraz: How long were they there?

A

19 months

30
Q

Dennis Banks, Clyde Bellecourt, George Mitchell

A

Founders of AIM

31
Q

Where was AIM founded?

A

Minneapolis

32
Q

Trail of Broken Treaties Overview

A

-Occupied the BIA building
-Made a variety of demands to the government

33
Q

Trail of Broken Treaties: Demands

A

1) Restoration of constitutional treaty-making authority
2) establishment of Treaty Commission to make new treaties
3) Address to the American people and joint session of Congress
4) Commission to review treaty commitments and violations
5) Resubmission of unratified treaties to the Senate
6) All Indians to be governed by treaty relations
7) Mandatory relief against treaty rights violations
8) Judicial recognition of Indian right to interpret treaties
9) Creation of Congressional Joint Committee on reconstruction of Indian relations
10) Land reform and restoration of 110-million Native land acre base
11) Restoration of rights to Indians terminated by enrollment and revocation of prohibitions against ‘dual benefits’
12) Repeal of state laws that gave sole power to State for governing Indians
13) Resume federal protective jurisdiction for offenses against Indians
14) Abolition of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
15) Creation of a “Office of Federal Indian Relations and Community Reconstruction”
16) Priorities of the proposed new office
17) Indian commerce and tax immunities
18) Protection of Indians’ religious freedom and cultural integrity
19) National referendums and forms of Indian organization
20) Health, housing, employment, economic development and education

34
Q

Incident of Oglala: Reservation and Compound

A

Pine Ridge Reservation
Jumping Bull Compound

35
Q

Incident at Oglala: What incident triggered it?

A

Jimmy Eagle stole some cowboy boots, caused the FBI to come

36
Q

Incident at Oglala: From where was Peltier extradited?

A

Canada

37
Q

Incident at Oglala: What bird led them to safety while they were escaping?

A

Hawk

38
Q

Incident at Oglala: What does the acronym GOONS stand for?

A

Guardians of the Oglala Nation

39
Q

What legally qualifies someone for tribal membership?

A

Blood content
1) Being a direct descendant of a previously or currently enrolled tribal member
2) Being able to document this relationship

40
Q

What is a ‘twinkie’?

A

Someone who wants to be an Indian but doesn’t have a clue about the culture/ traditions

41
Q

Why do traditional Indians consider ‘Redskin’ to be offensive?

A

Inherently racist, viewed as de-humanizing

42
Q

Ira Hayes

A

-Navajo Code Talker
-Raised the flag at Iwo Jima
-Received the medal of Honor
-Became an alcoholic
-Died homeless
-Helped to reveal the identity of a Marine flag raiser who died a few days after the photo was taken

43
Q

Jim Thorpe

A

The first Native American to win olympic gold for the U.S.
-Track and Field athlete
-Also played baseball and basketball at the elite level
-Most versatile athletes of all time
-Began career at Carslile Indian Industrial School
-Easily won events with minimal training
-Was not recognized as a U.S. citizen
-Chronic drunk

44
Q

Billy Mills

A

-Track and field athlete
-Winner of the 10,000 meter
-Advocate for the Native American community
-Greatest olympic upsets
-Born on pine ridge
-Role model for young Native Americans
-Inducted into Olympic Hall of Fame
-President of Running Strong for American Indian Youth

45
Q

Ramsey Clark

A

-Attorney General of the United States
-Said that Leonard Peltier was innocent

46
Q

Robert John Pratt

A

Organized and ran the Save Our Sovereignty march from San Diego to Sacramento

47
Q

Dino Butler and Bob Robidoux

A

Two first defendants who stood trial for the killing of the two FBI agents

48
Q

Jimmy Eagle

A

Stole the cowboy boots, started the Oglala incident

49
Q

Myrtle Poor Bear

A

-Leonard Peltier’s ‘girlfriend’ who was interviewed
-Witness who was coerced into changing her testimony which led to the conviction of Peltier

50
Q

John Trudell

A

One of the spokespeople for AIM on Alcatraz

51
Q

Anna Mae Aquash

A

Had her hands cut off to identify her body

52
Q

Richard Oakes

A

Head of the Alcatraz operation, lost his daughter at sea

53
Q

Dick Wilson

A

Head of the GOONS, the sheriff

54
Q

Leonard Crow Dog

A

Spiritual leader for the Lakota nation

55
Q

William Kunstler

A

Lawyer for Leonard Peltier

56
Q

Joe Stuntz

A

Indian who was killed at the Oglala incident

57
Q

Causes of Alcoholism in Indians

A

-Endemic alcoholism
-Family dysfunction
-Generational drinking patterns
-Historical trauma
-Increasing distance from traditions and language
-Isolation
-Little hope
-No positive support/ role models

58
Q

Philosophy About Protection of the Earth

A

-Mother Earth is central
-Not giving thanks for her gifts= destruction of our species
-“Respect the Earth or all is a waste”- Lakota Times 1992
-“We have taken our grandchildren by the hair, lifted their hands back and slit their throats” -Oren Lyons

59
Q

AIM: Ideology and Methodology

A

-Focuses on spirituality, leadership and sovereignty
-Formed to address various issues concerning the Native American urban community including poverty, housing, treaty issues and police harassment
-National Council on Indian Opportunity: created but U.S. government again failed to follow through on their promises and Natives felt they needed an organized voice to challenge the status quo
-Committed to improving conditions faced by Native peoples

60
Q

Purpose/ Intent of Indian Ceremonies

A

-Ceremonies help provide road maps that restore our dreams, express our visions, and give us hope
-They provide us with an opportunity to experience awe- a state in which we lift ourselves out of the ordinary and into a different level of consciousness
-Help to make sense out of experiences in our lives and to teach ethical ways of breathing meaning into life.
-Ceremony is a time to seek guidance, to share community, to look within, to touch people, practices, dreams, and imagination
-Ceremonies can help provide a way to get in touch with courage and inspiration in order to find healing in a symbolic form

Native American Experience (2 decks)

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