Exam 1

Question 1

Organismal Level of Study

Answer 1

individual interactions with their environment

Question 2

Population level of study

Answer 2

a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area

Question 3

Community level of study

Answer 3

interactions among different species in a specific area

Question 4

Ecosystem level of study

Answer 4

interactions between communities and their environments

Question 5

Landscape level of study

Answer 5

mosaic of connected ecosystem

Question 6

Global level of study

Answer 6

biosphere

Question 7

Weather

Answer 7

short, brief

Question 8

Climate

Answer 8

long, over time

Question 9

Adiabatic Cooling

Answer 9

warm, moist air in tropics rises, expands and cools, then drops rain

Question 10

what creates Hadley cells

Answer 10

adiabatic cooling

Question 11

Coriolis Effect

Answer 11

wind turns because of the direction of the earth

Question 11

Rain shadow effect

Answer 11

air rises over mountains and cools –> rain falls
dry air creates desert conditions (rain shadow)

Question 11

Guild

Answer 11

a group of organisms that occupy similar ecological roles in a community

Question 12

Niche

Answer 12

an n dimension description of resources, habitat and lifestyle of a species

how organisms use biotic and abiotic resources

Question 13

Richness

Answer 13

the number of species comprising a community

Question 14

Evenness

Answer 14

the relative abundance of each species in a community

Question 15

Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

Answer 15

high disturbance favors r-selected species and has weak competition
low disturbances favors K-selected and has strong competition

Question 16

Primary Succession

Answer 16

occurs when a disturbance removes the soil and its organisms plus the organisms that live above the surface

Question 17

Secondary Succession

Answer 17

occur when disturbance removes some or all of the organisms in an area but leaves the soil intact

Question 18

High Productivity Hypothesis

Answer 18

high productivity –> quick speciation, decreasing extinction –> intense competition –> increased niche differentiation

Question 19

Energy Hypothesis

Answer 19

Areas with more energy will support more species because energy is divided among different species, so there are more. Equator gets direct sunlight

Question 20

Area and Age Hypothesis

Answer 20

tropical regions weren’t covered/scoured by glaciers during ice ages so have had more time for speciation

Question 21

Allee Effect

Answer 21

a phenomenon by which some species will refuse to mate when density is too low. This contrasts most species where population growth is higher when density is low.

Question 22

Maximum sustainable yield

Answer 22

maximum sustainable yield is theoretically, the largest yield that can be taken from a species’ stock over an indefinite period

Question 23

density independent

Answer 23

r-selected species

Question 24

density dependent

Answer 24

K-selected species

Question 25

Fundamental Niche

Answer 25

ideal conditions niche

Question 26

Realized Niche

Answer 26

actual niche

Question 27

Energy flow

Answer 27

passes one way through ecosystems

Question 28

Nutrient cycling

Answer 28

cycle of chemical elements through the ecosystem can be recycled

Question 29

Primary Production

Answer 29

amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs

Question 30

Secondary Production

Answer 30

food webs

Question 31

CHIPPO

Answer 31

Climate Change Habitat Destruction Invasive Species Pollution Population Growth Overharvesting

Question 32

Pools/sinks

Answer 32

reservoirs where materials are stored up

Question 33

fluxes

Answer 33

flow of materials between pools Organic and Inorganic

Question 34

Top Down Control

Answer 34

a predator at the top is overpopulated and eats all of the prey controlling population

Question 35

Bottom Up Control

Answer 35

at the bottom there are less organisms, so the predators don’t have enough prey and are regulated

Question 36

Hadley Cell

Answer 36

Generated through the convection of air as a result of uneven warming by the sun