Exam 1

Question 1

Basic research

Answer 1

Pure science that aims to increase scientific knowledge

Question 2

Applied research

Answer 2

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 3

EMERGENT PROPERTIES

Answer 3

-HELP LIVING ORGANISMS BETTER ADAPT TO THEIR ENVT AND INCREASE LIFESPAN

Question 4

Cell- what & why

Answer 4

ITS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE B/C its capable of independent existence & can carry out all the vital functions for living
* LIVING ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS*

Question 5

PRIMARY LITERATURE

Answer 5

AUTHOR CONDUCTED THE WORK AND IS FIRST HAND INFO

Question 6

SECONDARY LITERATURE

Answer 6

AUTHOR DIDNT CONDUCT WORK (SECOND HAND INFO)

Question 7

Hydroxyl

Answer 7

HAS OH BOND. -O-H

Question 8

CARBOXYL

Answer 8

HAS -COOH BOND O=C-OH

Question 9

Amino

Answer 9

NH2 H-N-H

Question 10

Phosphate

Answer 10

Po_4^3- O=P— O- — O- — O-

Question 11

Methyl

Answer 11

-CH_3 H— C — H — H

Question 12

Monomer

Answer 12

Single subunit

Question 13

Dimer

Answer 13

2 momers coming together

Question 14

Polymer

Answer 14

Large molecule made up by many monomers

Question 15

CIS fats

Answer 15

• Both hydrogen atoms located on the same side

Question 16

Trans fats

Answer 16

• Has the 2 hydrogen atoms on opposite sides
• they are unsaturated b/c of shape
• harmful to ones health
• located in foods

Question 17

Hydrophobic/philic

Answer 17

• water hating
  -molecules that can interact with water

Question 18

Water w/ hydrogen bonds

Answer 18

Hydrogen bonds attract partial charges
Hence there’s attraction with negative hydrogen molecule and partial positive with water molecule

Question 19

Why salt dissolves in water and oil doesn’t

Answer 19

Oil is non polar substance → no difference in electrical charges
Salt has ions that are charged → dissolve in polar solvents

Question 20

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 20

NH SH OH +/-

Question 21

Molecules that form hydrogen bonds with each other

Answer 21

Water molecule, hydrogen atoms molecules, on one molecule that has it S the other has N, O OR F

Question 22

Interactions W/ amino acid ls water hydrophobic (phillic) + where in tertiary structure

Answer 22

• Amino acids w/polar or charged → hydrophilic →
  Interact w/ water → located proteins surface for water molecules interaction
• amino acids w/ nonpolar» hydrophobic → no water interaction→buried in interior of protein away from water

Question 23

Hydrolysis synthesis reactions

Answer 23

• Molecule that breaks down into smaller units through the addition of a water molecule
• ## consumes water molecule

Question 24

Dehydration synthesis reactions

Answer 24

• Two molecules joining together to form a larger molecule w/ water molecule elimination
• forms water molecule

Question 25

Monosaccharides

Answer 25

- single sugar molecules that can’t be broken down

Question 26

Disaccharides

Answer 26

Carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharide units joined together by bond

Question 27

Oligosacharides

Answer 27

A carbohydrate composed of a relatively small number (3-20) of monosaccharide units

Question 28

Starch

Answer 28

Energy storage in plants Stored in plant cells Polysaccharide

Question 29

Glycogen

Answer 29

- energy storage in animals - mainly stored in liver and muscles

Question 30

Cellulose

Answer 30

-linear polysaccharide - major component of plant cell walls →gives strength

Question 31

Chitin

Answer 31

-polysaccharide composed of beta glucose -found in insects and cell walls of fungi/algae >provides support and protection

Question 32

Why humans cannot digest cellulose, but cows can digest cellulose and starch

Answer 32

Humans lack enzymes and cows have a special digestive system

Question 33

How a peptide bonds are formed

Answer 33

-Monomers joining together to form polymers→peptide bonds form though polymerization →two amino acids are joined together to form a protein.

Question 34

How do enzymes work

Answer 34

1. Substrates binds To active site 2. Enzyme and substrate usually change their shape to fit each other perfectly forming an enzyme substrate complex 3. Reaction occurs forming products to be released 4. Enzyme is free to bind to the other substrates molecule

Question 35

Functions of steroids in human body

Answer 35

- hormones - growth Development Energy metabolism - Homeostasis

Question 36

Saturated fatty aci

Answer 36

One single bond Bad for you in excess Found in animals (butter) Not healthy

Question 37

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 37

One or more double bonds Double bonds in structure Most unsaturated fats are good for you(olive oil) Found in plants

Question 38

LDL roles in Cholesterol transporting

Answer 38

Carries cholesterol from liver to cell * bad cholesterol*

Question 39

HDR role in transporting cholesterol

Answer 39

-picks up excess cholesterol from cells →delivers to liver for disposal/ recycling * good cholesterol *

Question 40

Connection between dietary fat and bad cholesterol

Answer 40

Dietary fat impacts blood levels to raise and causes cholesterol to increase