MUST KNOW

Question 1

Polar.

Answer 1

• HYDROPHILIC
• unequal sharing
  -NH, SH, OH OR CHARGES

Question 2

Non polar

Answer 2

• hydrophobic
  -equal sharing
• NO SH OH NH OR CHARGES= hydrophobic

Question 3

When finding an amino acid/ r group

Answer 3

1. Amino group
2. CARBOXYL group
3. Central carbon
4. R group
   * if there’s an amino acid = there’s an r group*

Question 4

Cellulose

Answer 4

Polysaccharide produced in plants
Provides structure for cell walls
Plant polysaccharide that can’t be broken down into human digestive system

Question 5

maltose

Answer 5

Breaks down to provide quick energy
Disaccharide
Glucose + glucose

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

Monosaccharide
Monomer connected together via dehydration synthesis to make cellulose, glycogen and starch

Question 7

Chitin

Answer 7

Polysaccharide found in fengal cell walls
Polymers found in bugs

Question 8

Starch

Answer 8

Energy storage polysaccharide produce by plants

Question 9

Glycogen

Answer 9

Energy storage polysaccharide found in animals
Polymers found in bugs

Question 10

Lipids are….

Answer 10

Hydrophobic

Question 11

Saturated

Answer 11

C-C-C-C
No double bonds in carbon atoms

Question 12

Unsaturated

Answer 12

Double bonds or more between carbon atoms
Bends form

Question 13

Hypotonic

Answer 13

Lower concentration of solute (sugar) and higher water

Question 14

Hypertonic

Answer 14

Lower h2o and bigger concentration of sugar

Question 15

Membranes more fluid at lower temperature

Answer 15

• more unsaturated fat acid
• cholesterol
• shirt tail fat acids
• few proteins

Question 16

Which molecules can move across phospholipid bilayer

Answer 16

Small hydrophobic molecules
Steps
Hormones

Question 17

Fecal transplants

Answer 17

Transfer of bacteria from stool from healthy donor into the gastrointestinal tract if an individual who has unearthly for micro biome

Question 18

Quorum sensing molecules

Answer 18

They can bind receptors and cause a response in population

Question 19

Anti quorum sensing molecules

Answer 19

Keeps quorum sensing from happening by building and blocking receptors

Question 20

What makes up endomembrane system

Answer 20

Plasma membrane
Transport vesicles
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum ( rough/smooth)

Question 21

Lysosome

Answer 21

Molecules that are broken down by hydrolysis
They’re part of endomembrane system

Question 22

Peroxisome

Answer 22

Molecules broken down by oxidation
Not in endomembrane system

Question 23

Gut microbiome function

Answer 23

Affects brain development, impacts vitamins, and mentally
Neurotransmitters travel through blood stream and impacts brain

Question 24

Gut bran axis function

Answer 24

Links to emotional and cognitive centers of brain
Influences mood and mental health
System of communication between gut and brain

Question 25

Microbiomes communicate with the brain

Answer 25

- neural - endocrine - immune - hormonal links

Question 26

Microbiome in protection

Answer 26

Immune system Provide barriers for infections to not come in

Question 27

Microbiomes in competition

Answer 27

Against pathogens- space in body Micro organisms and microbiome compete for resources

Question 28

Why antibiotics are detrimental to human microbiome

Answer 28

Disruption of microbial balance They kill commensals Impacts on immune function

Question 29

Extremophile'S

Answer 29

Archea that is salt lovers

Question 30

Thermopiles

Answer 30

Archaea that’s heat lovers

Question 31

Methanogens

Answer 31

Archea that is methane producers

Question 32

Smooth ER

Answer 32

No ribosomes Lipid production Cells that make lots of lips will have lots of smooth ER Lupid synthesis

Question 33

ROUGH ER

Answer 33

Protein/ Carries something cells that make lots of protein will have rough er Has ribosomes Protein synthesis

Question 34

Golgi apparatus

Answer 34

Sorting and packaging of proteinS Glycosylation Destinations: plasma membranes, secreted tu outside of cell

Question 35

Endomembrane system

Answer 35

Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell