Exam 1 Flashcards
what is the bare minimum bloodwork you would want to do before anesthesia
what if its an older, compromised patient?
PCV
TP
BUN
+/- glucose
CBC, chem, UA
physical status class:
normally, healthy (elective) (e.g. spay/neuter)
class I
physical status class:
mild systemic dz (e.g. mild mitral valve disease)
class II
physical status class:
moderate systemic dz (e.g. chronic renal disease, pneumonia)
class III
physical status class:
moribund (likely to die whether you anesthetize or not)
class V
physical status class:
severe dz (life threatening) (e.g. hemoabdomen, colic, septic)
class IV
what size patients would you use a rebreathing system
large patients > 5 kg
physical status class:
e.g. colic
emergent
pressure of a full oxygen tank
2000 psi
what size patients would you use a non-rebreathing system
small patients < 5 kg
what size patients do you not want to use the O2 flush valve on
small patients due to risk of damage
should the oxygen flow rate be higher in a rebreathing or non-rebreathing circuit
non-rebreathing to prevent rebreathing of CO2
5 ways to minimize anesthetic gas waste in the workplace
lower O2 flow rate
scavenge waste gas effectively
ensure leak-free
use good work practices with inhalants (e.g. fill vaporizer at end of day)
well ventilated rooms
mild hypoxemia
< 80 mmHg
< 95% SaO2
severe hypoxemia
< 60 mmHg
< 90% SaO2
differentials for hypoxemia
low inspired O2
low partial pressure (altitude or low PAO2)
hypoventilation (high CO2)
V/Q mismatch
anatomic shunt
diffusion impairment
most common cause of hypoxemia in horses
V/Q mismatch
4 methods to monitor oxygenation
- pulse oximeter
- blood gas or arterial O2 partial pressure
- cyanosis
- lactate (indirect)
what sample is required for a blood gas to measure oxygenation
arterial blood sample
when does cyanosis occur
PaO2 < 40 mmHg
3 methods to monitor ventilation
- capnography/capnometry
- blood gas or CO2 partial pressure
- acid-base balance (indirect)
what sample is required for a blood gas to measure ventilation (CO2)
arterial or venous blood sample
horse respiratory differences under anesthesia
high PCO2
affected by position
severe V/Q mismatch
cluster breathing
cat respiratory differences under anesthesia
low PCO2
mucus plug airway obstruction
difficult intubation
reactive airway
