Exam 1 Flashcards
Definition of Polymers
Large macromolecules which are made of many repeating units of smaller molecules.
Types of polymers
- Addition polymers
- Condensation polymers
- Polyamides
Definition of Addition polymers
monomers’ double bonds are broken and the molecules form a long chain
Ex- polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene.
Def of Condensation polymers
Bifunctional monomers react to form a long-chain polymeric molecule
Ex- Nylons, polyesters, polysaccharides.
def of Polyamides
formed when compounds with a COOH functional group react with NH2 group.
What does the number after nylon mean?
The number of carbon atoms present in each of the original reactants.
What technique was used to prepare Nylon in the lab?
Interfacial Polymerization (reaction occurs at the interface of two solutions)
Why was sebacoyl chloride used instead of carboxylic acid in the nylon reaction?
Acid chlorides are much more reactive than acids are
Why is NaOH used in the Nylon Reaction?
It is used to neutralize the HCl byproduct of the reaction
Why are plasticizers added to polymers?
They help to improve the flexibility and extensibility of the polymer
Chemiluminescence Definition
The emission of light as the result of a chemical reaction
What is the name of the chemical responsible for firefly light?
Luciferase
What is the chemical responsible for producing light in a glow stick?
Luminol and Oxalate reactions
Practical uses of compounds with chemiluminescent properties
- Forensic science
- Spectroscopy
- Medical diagnosis
Diene Definition
unsaturated hydrocarbon containing two double bonds. Must be conjugated and in s-cis- conformation.
Dienophile Def
An alkene or Alkyne that readily reacts with a diene.
Adduct Def
The product of the diels alder reaction incorporating the reactants
What is the thermometer reading during the collection of cyclopentadiene?
41 C
Why is cyclopentadiene prepared right before using it?
If stored at room temperature, it is completely converted into the dimer.
How was cyclopentadiene added to the solution of Maleic anhydride?
It was added using a dropper while the anhydride was in an ice bath
Why was Cyclopentadiene added slowly to maleic anhydride?
The reaction is exothermic and overheating with splashing will occur if the cyclopentadienyl is added too fast.
Why was a mixture of solvents used in the DA rxn?
To maintain thermal equilibrium so the adduct will form
Why is the nitration of methyl benzoate performed at a low temp?
Temp must be kept below 15 C to prevent the formation of byproducts.
How was the filtrate neutralized?
The filtrate is poured into 30 ml of water and 8g of Sodium carbonate is added
