Exam 1 Flashcards
Chapters 1-6 (121 cards)
1
Q
1oz to ml
A
30ml
2
Q
1tbs (T) to ml and tsp
A
15 ml = 3tsp
3
Q
1oz to tbs
A
2tbs
4
Q
1 cup to ml and oz
A
240 ml = 8oz
5
Q
1 pint (pt) to ml and oz
A
500ml = 16oz
6
Q
1 quart (qt) to ml and oz
A
1000ml = 32oz
7
Q
1 pound (lbs) to oz
A
16oz
8
Q
1kg to lbs
A
2.2lbs
9
Q
1 inch to cm
A
2.5cm
10
Q
how to calculate F
A
1.8*C + 32
11
Q
how to calculate C
A
5/9 * (F - 32)
12
Q
1 pint to cups
A
2c
13
Q
1 quart to pints and cups
A
2 pints = 4 cups
14
Q
1 gallon to quarts and pints
A
4 quarts = 8 pints
15
Q
1 ton to lbs
A
2000lbs
16
Q
1foot to inches
A
12 inches
17
Q
1 yard to feet and inches
A
3 feet = 36 inches
18
Q
6 Standards of Nursing Practice
A
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Outcome Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
6.Evaluation
19
Q
1st step of nursing practice - assessment
A
RN collects data and information
20
Q
2nd step of nursing practice - diagnosis
A
RN analyzes assessment data to determine actual or potential diagnoses
21
Q
3rd step of nursing practice - outcome identification
A
RN identifies expected outcomes for a plan of care
22
Q
4th step of nursing practice - planning
A
RN develops a plan to attain expected outcome
23
Q
5th step of nursing practice - implementation
A
implementation of the plan of care
24
Q
6th step of nursing practice - evaluation
A
evaluation of the progress
25
5 types of health assessment
1. comprehensive
2. problem-based/focused
3. episodic/follow-up
4. shift assessment
5. screening assessment
26
screening assessment
focused on disease detection
27
4 components of health assessment are
1. health history
2. physical examination
3. reviewing other data from health records
4. documenting the findings
28
Subjective data
symptoms, family history - data collected during an interview
29
objective data
signs - data collected during physical examination
30
Palpation
method of feeling with the fingers or hands during a physical examination
31
Inspection
Visually assess patient
32
Percussion
tapping body parts with fingers, hands, or small instruments
33
Auscultation
listening to the sounds of the body
34
what is EHR
digital version of personal health information
35
when should the documentation occur
at the time of the health care encounter
36
define clinical judgement
interpretation or conclusion about patient's needs, concerns, or health problems
37
what 4 components are involved in clinical judgement
1. nurse's knowledge
2. experience
3. ethical perspective
4. knowing the patient
38
Clinical manifestations
signs and symptoms associated with a specific disease
39
what is client's problem list
key component of data analysis - summary of health problems
40
3 levels of health promotion
1. primary prevention
2. secondary prevention
3. tertiary prevention
41
primary prevention
protection to prevent occurrence of disease
42
secondary prevention
early identification of disease
43
tertiary prevention
minimizes severity and disability from disease
44
3 phases of an interview
1. introduction phase
2. discussion phase
3. summary phase
45
purpose of open-ended questions
encourage free flowing, open response
46
directive questions are also called
close-ended questions
47
facilitation
uses phrases to encourage patients to continue talking
48
clarification
used to obtain more information about statements
49
reflection
used to gain clarification by restating a phrase used by the patient
50
why should "why questions" be avoided
they may make patients defensive
51
why nurses may need to use silence as an interview technique
to give patients time to reflect or gather courage
52
another term for chief concern
presenting problem
53
what is a chief concern
the reason for seeking care
54
symptom analysis (old carts)
1. Onset - when did symptoms begin
2. Location - where is the symptom
3. Duration - how long does it last
4. Characteristics - describe the symptom
5. Aggravating factors - what makes symptom worse
6. Related symptoms - are other symptoms present
7. Treatment - what factors alleviate it
8. Severity - describe intensity
55
past health history is significant because
it may have some effect on patient's current health needs
56
family history is significant because
to identify genetic or familial illnesses
57
personal and psychosocial history explores what
variety of topics including any information that reflects patient's mental and physical health
58
where are standard precautions applied
in all aspects of patient care and in all health settings
59
what is single most important action to reduce the transmission of infection
hand hygiene
60
6 primary elements of standard precautions are
1. hand hygiene
2. PPE
3. respiratory hygiene
4. appropriate patient placement
5. managing contaminated equipment
6. environmental infection control
61
sequence of putting on PPE
gown, mask, goggles/face shield, gloves
62
what do transmission-based precautions involve
1) contact precautions
2) droplet precautions
3) airborne precautions
63
what are transmission-based precautions designed for
for the control of infections among patients with infections of epidemiological significance
64
4 measures to prevent latex allergy
1. use non-latex gloves for activities that do not involve infectious material
2. usage of powder-free (low allergen) gloves
3. do not use oil-based hand lotions
4. wash hands with soap immediately after removal
65
describe lung percussion sounds
resonant, loud, and hollow
66
describe bone and muscle percussion sounds
flat, soft, very dull
67
describe viscera and liver borders percussion sounds
dull, medium loud, thud like
68
describe stomach and gas percussion sounds
tympanic, loud, drumlike
69
describe air trapped in lung percussion sounds
hyper resonant, very loud, booming
70
7 heart sounds (locations)
71
thermometer function and normal parameters
measures body temperature - 96.24 to 99.1 (35.8 - 37.3 C), average is 37 (98.6)
72
stethoscope function
to auscultate sounds within the body
73
sphygmomanometer function and normal parameters
blood pressure device - less than 120/80
74
pulse oximeter function
oxygen saturation in arterial blood
75
skinfold caliper function
used to estimate body fat
76
wood lamp function
used to detect fungal infections of the skin or corneal abrasions of the eye
77
distance vision charts (names, for whom, how)
Snellen or Sloan chart - for english speaking adults and kids 6+ - 20ft away
78
near vision examination (name, how)
Rosenbaum chart - 14inch away
79
ophthalmoscope function
to inspect internal structures of the eye
80
otoscope function
to inspect external auditory canal and tympanic membrane
81
audio scope function
used to perform basic screening for hearing
82
2 purposes of tuning fork
auditory screening and assessment of vibration sensation
83
nasal speculum function
to inspect internal surfaces of the nose
84
doppler function
amplifies sounds that are difficult to hear with stethoscope
85
goniometer is used to measure flexion of what
flexion or extension of the joint
86
deep tendon reflexes are tested with
percussion hammer
87
monofilament is used to test sensation of
sensation on the lower extremities
88
vaginal speculum is used to
to spread the walls of vaginal canal
89
what is systolic blood pressure
maximum pressure exerted on arteries when ventricles contract
90
what is diastolic blood pressure
minimum amount of pressure exerted on vessels during ventricular relaxation
91
Korotkoff sound
blood flow sound
92
first Korotkoff sound
the initial sound of blood pulsating through artery when cuff relaxes
93
6 errors resulting in false high pressure
crossed legs, arm below level of the heart, cuff too narrow, deflating too slowly, reinflating before deflating, not waiting 1-2min between obtaining repeat measurement
94
5 errors resulting in false low pressure
arm above the level of heart, cuff too wide, not inflating cuff enough, deflating too rapidly, pressing too firmly
95
what does diversity refer to
differences in gender, age, culture, race, ethnicity, religion, etc.
96
knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs and habits acquired by person as member of society is
culture
97
characteristics that group may share in some combination is
ethnicity
98
race is
genetic in origin - skin color, blood type, eye color, hair color
99
spirituality is
search for the sacred, broad term
100
religion refers to
organized system of beliefs
101
sex refers to
person's genetic composition
102
gender is
society's perception of person's sex
103
gender identity is
person's internal sense of self
104
cultural desire
giving up prejudices and biases
105
cultural awareness
self-examination of own cultural background
106
learning about values, traditions, and religions of other cultures is
cultural knowledge
107
collecting cultural data about patient's health problem is
cultural skill
108
opportunities for nurses to interact with patients from culturally diverse backgrounds is
cultural encounters
109
somatic pain
bone, joint, muscle, skin, connective tissue
110
visceral pain
thoracic, pelvic, abdominal viscera
111
reffered pain
refers to visceral pain, person feels pain away from the tissue
112
neuropathic pain
abnormal processing by nervous systems (such as phantom pain)
113
pain threshold
point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain
114
pain tolerance
duration of intensity person endures before reacting
115
pain assessment tools
NRS (numeric) and FPS-R (faces)
116
NRS will provide inaccurate data for people from these countries/cultures
China, Japan, some Native Americans
117
proxy reporting
used for patients who cannot communicate - gathering information from others who are knowledgeable about the patient
118
when a problem-based assessment should be used
should be only used in case of emergency
119
acute pain
lasts less than 6 months
120
chronic pain
more than 6 months
121
Normal heart rate, o2 stat, respiration rate
Heart Rate: 60 to 100bpm
oxygen: 95-100%
respiration- 12 - 20 breaths per minute
