Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NRAD 201D > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the nursing role?

A

Assessment
Planning appropriate pharmacotherapy
Intervention
Evaluation
(Reassess and revise the plan if needed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 schedules of drugs based on?

A

Abuse potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which drug schedule has the highest/lowest abuse potential?

A

I - Highest
II - High
III - Moderate
IV - Low
V - Lowest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give examples of drugs in each schedule.

A

I - Heroin, LSD, marijuana
II - Potent opioids (high does of codeine, fentanyl, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, meperidine)
III - Codeine (lower doses compounded with ASA or acetaminophen)
IV - Benzodiazepines (alprazolam, diazepam, midazolam, temazepam), tramadol, zolpidem
V - Cough medicine with codeine, anti-diarrheals w/small amounts of opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are medications stored? And what is their storage based on? What does this system prevent?

A

In an automated computerized system called Omnicell, where all medications are stored based on pharmaceutical recommendations. Prevents accidentally removing the wrong med and diversion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is to be disposed of in Black 2 Gallon Sharps Containers?

A

Hazardous medications left in a syringe or ampoule
Coumadin (warfarin)/Nicotine packaging
Tablets - whole, broken or partial
Labeled as a hazardous medication for “black bucket waste”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is to be disposed of in Black 8 Gallon Containers?

A

Coumadin (warfarin)/ Nicotine packaging
Full or partial IV bags, bottles or vials
Labeled as Hazardous Medications or “black bucket waste”
NO SYRINGES
Place items that may leak in a clear ziplock bag prior to disposal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is to be placed in Red Sharps Containers?

A

Sharps that DO NOT contain any medication
Empty syringes and ampoules
Broken glass
Staples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is to be placed in blue Rx waste containers? Are syringes allowed?

A

Full or partial IV bags, bottles or vials
Tablets - whole, broken or partial
Syringes w/ medication allowed
But they must NOT have a Black Bucket Waste code on any of these items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you do with anything labeled SP/SPO/SPC?

A

Send back to the pharmacy. Anything labeled as SP needs to be returned to the pharmacy for proper disposal. Ex: aerosols and inhalers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the purpose of having high alert medication labels?

A

To identify medications with increased risk of significant harm and to increase vigilance in the preparation and administration of the ordered dose and monitoring of the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the abbreviation PRN mean?

A

As needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the abbreviation q8H stand for?

A

Every eight hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the abbreviation RUE stand for?

A

Right upper extremity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the abbreviation PO stand for?

A

By mouth (per os)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the abbreviation NKA mean?

A

No known allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the abbreviation IM mean?

A

Intramuscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the abbreviation SOB mean?

A

Shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the abbreviation BRP mean?

A

Bathroom privileges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the abbreviation FWW mean?

A

Front wheel walker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the abbreviation HOB mean?

A

Head of bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the abbreviation IV mean?

A

Intravenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the abbreviation BID mean?

Study These Flashcards
A

Twice daily (bi-daily)

24
Q

What does the abbreviation QID mean?

Study These Flashcards
A

Four times a day

25
What does the abbreviation LLQ mean?
Left lower quadrant
26
What does the abbreviation ADLs mean?
Activities of daily living
27
What does the abbreviation NPO mean?
Nothing by mouth (nil per os)
28
What is the abbreviation mL mean?
Milliliter
29
What does the abbreviation q4h mean?
Every four hours
30
What does the abbreviation NKDA mean?
No known drug allergies
31
What does the abbreviation TID mean?
Three times a day
32
What is the Calcium regulation cycle if calcium levels are too high?
Thyroid releases CALCITONIN which increases calcium deposition in bones, decreases calcium uptake in intestines, and decreases calcium reabsorption in kidneys. Calcium levels fall and return to normal levels in the blood.
33
What is the calcium regulation cycle if calcium levels are too low (hypocalcemia)?
The parathyroid releases parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases calcium release from bones, increases calcium uptake in intestines, and increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. Calcium levels rise to normal levels in blood, returning to homeostasis.
34
Which vitamins are fat-soluble? Where are they stored in the body?
A,D,E, & K. Stored in the liver and adipose tissue
35
What are the functions of Vitamin A? And what are the primary dietary sources of it?
Formation of visual purple (rhodopsin) in the retina, which allows vision in dim light. Formation and maintenance of mucosa (nose, mouth, GI tract, respiratory tract, etc.) Preformed vitamin A (retinol) is found in animal sources Provitamin A (beta-carotene) - found as carotenoids in the plant foods carrots, cantaloupe, apricots, tomato juice, and spinach
36
What are the symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency?
Night blindness Conjunctival & corneal changes (xerophthalmia - dry eye condition) Dry/scaly skin (keratinization) Decreased saliva secretions
37
What are the functions of Vitamin D? And what are the primary dietary sources?
Calcium and phosphorus absorption Muscle contraction Develop/ maintain strong bones Natural sources include fish and egg yolks Fortified foods (like milk, cereals, cheese, juice, etc.)
38
What are the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?
Low calcium levels, which can cause osteoclastic activity, and eventually osteoporosis (increasing risk of fractures) Bone growth retardation (Rickett’s)
39
What is the function of vitamin E? What are the primary sources of it?
It’s an antioxidant (prevents free radical damage) Dietary sources include vegetable oils, such as canola and safflower Nuts and fortified cereals
40
What are the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency?
Hemolytic anemia (RBC membranes exposed to oxidation) Neuropathy - numbness/tingling (Disrupts myelin sheath formation)
41
What are the functions of vitamin K? And what are some dietary sources of it?
Initiates liver synthesis of four proteins for clotting - it is the “koagulation vitamin” It is used as an antidote for an over-dosage of warfarin (an anticoagulant) Green veggies - in the form of phylloquinone Dark green leafy vegetables, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus
42
What are the symptoms of vitamin K deficiency? And who is always deficient and needs vitamin K IM injections?
Increase risk of bleeding/hemorrhage Newborns. Because of their sterile, intestinal tract newborns don’t have bacteria in their guts to form vitamin K and clot if necessary.
43
What is the function of Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and what are the dietary sources of it?
Supports cellular energy metabolism (combines with phosphorus into thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), which is involved with glucose metabolism) Found in whole or enriched grains and legumes
44
What are the symptoms of vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency?
Weakness Affects multiple systems, such as G.I., CNS, CV, MS Constipation, cognitive decline, heart failure, fatigue
45
What are the functions of vitamin B9 (folate/folic acid)? And what are the dietary sources of it?
It is a coenzyme in DNA synthesis and cell division (making it very important during pregnancy) Produces heme for hemoglobin Dark green leafy vegetables, OJ Legumes, chicken liver fortified cereals, and grains
46
What are the symptoms of vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency?
Megaloblastic anemia Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida
47
What are the functions of vitamin B12 (cobalamin)? What are the dietary sources of it? And what else is needed for its absorption?
Amino acid metabolism Heme formation Roll in the synthesis of the myelin sheath Animal products and fortified foods (cereals) HCl (except with B12 supplement) and intrinsic factor (IF) for absorption
48
What are the symptoms of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency? What are possible causes? Who are the at risk populations?
Macrocytic anemia/pernicious anemia Neuropathy (Tingling in hands or feet) Decline in cognition HCl & IF deficiency caused by Gastrectomy, IBS, low gastric acid Vegans (aren’t intaking it unless they’re taking a supplement) and elderly people (often don’t have enough HCl or IF to absorb it, often on antacids which can cause low HCl levels)
49
What is the B12 absorption process?
Vitamin B12 is ingested from dietary sources, HCl releases it from protein, then it combines with IF (from parietal cells) in the stomach, gets absorbed in the last 60 cm of the small intestine (ileum), travels in the blood to growing cells to be used, or to the liver to be stored for 3-5 years, excess gets excreted into bile to be recycled.
50
What are the functions of vitamin C (ascorbic acid)? What are the dietary sources of it?
Essential in formation of collagen for capillary walls Maintains bone matrix, cartilage, and collagen Facilitates iron absorption Antioxidant Citrus fruits and juices, tomatoes, bell peppers, strawberries
51
What are the symptoms of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency?
Poor wound healing (traumatic injury/surgery), easy bruising, petechiae Weak bones
52
What are the functions of iron? What are the dietary sources of it?
Forms part of the functional unit of hemoglobin (Hgb), heme, which binds oxygen to be delivered to cells Liver, meat, chicken, fish, whole grains, fortified foods
53
What are the symptoms of iron deficiency? And what are two causes?
Fatigue, muscle weakness, pallor (skin looks pale) Low gastric acid (Hcl needed to liberate iron) Malabsorption issues (from celiac disease or Crohn’s disease for example)
54
What are the functions of calcium? And what are the dietary sources of it?
Combines with phosphorus to provide strength and rigidity to skeleton Plays an important role in clot formation (helps cross-linking fibrin threads) Nerve transmission Muscle contraction and relaxation Dairy products, dark-green vegetables Fortified foods
55
What are the symptoms of calcium deficiency? What are two possible causes? And what are two quick tests you can do to check for it?
Osteoporosis Tenany (painful muscle spasms) Immobilization can lead to resorption (osteoclastic activity - withdrawing Calcium from bones) Hypothyroidism - low parathyroid hormone (PTH) to regulate calcium levels Chvostek’s sign - tapping the facial nerve near the ear/cheekbone causes a twitch of the facial muscles on that side Trousseau’s sign - Involves inflating a blood pressure cuff on the upper arm above systolic pressure for a minute, which can trigger a spasm in the hand and forearm, causing the fingers to flex into a “claw hand”

NRAD 201D (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions