Exam 1 Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
what is a sprain?
A
partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers
2
Q
what do ligaments attach?
A
bone to bone
3
Q
characteristics of grade 1 sprain
A
stretching and small tears
4
Q
characteristics of grade 3 sprain
A
completely torn
5
Q
what is a strain
A
overstretching of muscle fibers
6
Q
what is tendonitis?
A
inflammation of a tendon
7
Q
what is bursitis?
A
inflammation of bursa
8
Q
characteristic of elastic cartilage
A
bendable and goes back into shape
9
Q
what is the toughest cartilage?
A
fibrocartilage
10
Q
what does hyaline mean?
A
transparent or near transparent
slippery smooth
11
Q
where is elastic cartilage found?
A
ear
12
Q
3 characteristics of joints
A
allow motion
bear bodies weight
provide stability
13
Q
what kind of joints are sutures of the skull?
A
fibrous
14
Q
what does the gomphosis joint do?
A
keep teeth in place
15
Q
most common type of fibrous joint?
A
syndesmosis
16
Q
what connects two bones?
A
joints
17
Q
what is the most common type of joint?
A
synovial
18
Q
how many types of synovial joints?
A
6
19
Q
pivot joint?
A
neck
20
Q
first joint of cervical spine?
A
atlas
21
Q
ball and socket joint?
A
shoulder and hip
22
Q
hinge joint?
A
knee
23
Q
saddle joint?
A
thumb
24
Q
planar joints?
A
metacarpals
25
6 joints w circumduction
fingers, wrist, neck, shoulder, hip, toes
26
what is dislocation?
complete separation of two articular surfaces of a joint
27
what is subluxation?
partial dislocation of joint
28
is subluxation a common overuse injury
yes
29
what is osteoarthritis?
caused by breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage
30
characteristic of fibrocartilage?
more stable gives more structure
31
where is hyaline cartilage found?
ends of bones
32
what kind of joints are sutures?
fibrous joints
33
what does the atlantoaxial joint do?
allow u to nod
34
what type of joint is atlnatoaxial?
pivot
35
what is the biggest predictor of future injury?
past injuries
36
what is a tendon?
a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
37
what kind of tissue is a tendon?
fibrous connective
38
what is an origin
attached to bone that remains stable and does not move during contraction
39
what are muscle origins close to?
the center of the body (proximal)
40
HOJI
heart, origin, joint, insertion
41
what is the end of a bone called?
epiphysis
42
what is the shaft of a bone called?
diaphysis
43
what is the insertion?
attached to the bone that moves in the joint. the most distal
44
where are insertions?
on the bone farther from the center of the body (distal)
45
what direction are muscle fibers?
parallel or oblique
46
what are 3 parallel muscles?
strap, fusiform, triangular
47
what is normal resting length?
length of muscle when there is no force placed
48
is everybody's resting length different?
yes
49
what is irritability?
ability to respond to a stimulus
50
what does a muscle do when stimulated?
contract
51
what is contractibility?
muscles ability to contract and generate force when it receives adequate stimulation
52
what is extensibility?
muscles ability to stretch and lengthen when force is applied
53
what is elasticity?
muscles ability to recoil to normal resting length when stretching and shortening force is removed
54
is gumby elastic or extensible?
extensible
55
is bubblegum elastic or extensible?
elastic but
56
is a coil elastic or extensible?
elastic
57
is a snake elastic or extensible?
both
58
what is tension
force built up on a muscle
59
what is tone?
slight tension that is present in a muscle at all times even when muscle is resting
60
what is excursion?
distance from max lengthening to max shortening
61
does excursion change on how tall u are?
yes
62
what are myofibrils?
small bundles that comprise muscle fibers
63
what are sarcomeres?
64
what is a muscle fascicle?
bundle of fibers that run parallel to each other
65
what are the building blocks to our muscles?
muscle fascicles
66
what is a muscle belly?
sum of all the muscle fibers
67
what is trigger point on a muscle?
area within muscle belly that is irritated and relays pain
68
what is active insufficiency?
point at which muscle cannot shorten any farther
69
where does active insufficiency occur?
within the agonist
70
what is passive insufficiency?
oint at which multi joint muscle cannot be lengthened any further
71
where does passive insufficiency occur?
antagonist
72
what is adaptive lengthening?
occurs with the chronic overstretch muscle
73
what is an example of adaptive lenthting?
kyphosis
74
what is adaptive shortening?
muscles and ct shorten their length and become tight over time from being in a chronic position
75
are overstretched muscles weaker or stronger?
weaker
76
what is isometric contraction?
join angle does not change
muscle length does not change
77
what contraction is plank example of?
isometric
78
what is concentric?
joint angle gets shorter
muscle length shortens
79
what is eccentric contraction?
joint angle changes
muscle length lengthens
80
what contractions generates most force?
eccentric
81
what is agonist?
muscle that causes motion
82
another word for agonist?
prime mover
83
what is antagonist?
works against the motion of agonist
84
what is co-contraction?
when agonist contracts at same time as agonist
85
example of co-contraction?
fist
86
what is closed chain?
fixed or stationary
87
what is open chain?
distal aspect free
88
is leg extension open or closed chain?
open
89
are pull ups open or closed chain?
closed
90
are lunges closed or open chain?
closed
91
what word should u think of when u hear articulation?
bone
92
